Journals / Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Multidimensional Analysis of Fan Profiles: Extended Typology Scale

Taraftar Profillerinin Çok Boyutlu İncelenmesi: Genişletilmiş Tipoloji Ölçeği

Alperen Halıcı(GAZİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SPOR BİLİMLERİ FAKÜLTESİ, SPOR YÖNETİCİLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-5480-4683
İsmail Aktaş(VAN YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR YÜKSEKOKULU, BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-5471-5787
Pages
537–551
Publication Date
2025-09-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These findings revealed that the scale consisted of 38 items collected under the 7-dimensional structure and that this structure explained a significant variance of 69.12% of the fan typology variable.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This research aims to create a valid and reliable extended version of the “Fan Typology Scale” developed by Halıcı and Yetim (2024).
📊
Key Findings & Data:All fans who support any team in team sports were included in the research, and 828 volunteer participants were reached.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:These findings revealed that the scale consisted of 38 items collected under the 7-dimensional structure and that this structure explained a significant variance of 69.12% of the fan typology variable.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Holigan · Fanatik · Takım bağlılığı.

Abstract

This research aims to create a valid and reliable extended version of the “Fan Typology Scale” developed by Halıcı and Yetim (2024). Participants were selected using the random convenience sampling method. All fans who support any team in team sports were included in the research, and 828 volunteer participants were reached. Four hundred seventy-four of the obtained data were used for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and 354 for Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). As a result of EFA, a 7-factor structure was revealed. According to the findings obtained from CFA, it was determined that the RMSEA value of the model was .077, and other Goodness-of-fit indices were also within acceptable values. These findings revealed that the scale consisted of 38 items collected under the 7-dimensional structure and that this structure explained a significant variance of 69.12% of the fan typology variable. As a result, it can be said that the Fan Typology Scale: Extended Version is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Özet

Bu araştırma, Halıcı ve Yetim (2024) tarafından geliştirilen “Taraftar Tipolojisi Ölçeğinin” geçerli ve güvenilir genişletilmiş versiyonunu oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan katılımcıların belirlenmesinde kolayda ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya takım sporlarından herhangi bir takımı destekleyen tüm taraftarlar dahil edilmiş, toplamda 828 gönüllü katılımcıya ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin, 474 tanesi Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), 354 tanesi Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için kullanılmıştır. AFA sonucunda, 7 faktörlü bir yapı ortaya çıkarmıştır. DFA’dan elde edilen bulgulara göre modelin RMSEA değerinin .077 ve diğer uyum iyiliği indekslerinin de kabul edilebilir değerler arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgular ölçeğin 7 boyutlu yapısı altında toplanan 38 maddeden oluştuğunu ve bu yapının taraftar tipolojisi değişkeninin %69.12 gibi önemli bir varyansını açıkladığını ortaya koymuştur. Sonuç olarak, Taraftar Tipolojisi Ölçeği: Genişletilmiş Versiyon ‘un geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Halıcı, A., Aktaş, İ. (2025). Multidimensional Analysis of Fan Profiles: Extended Typology Scale. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 537–551. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1726012

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (38)

  1. Bentler, P. M., & Chou, C. P. (1987). Practical issues in structural modeling. Sociological Methods & Research, 16(1), 78–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124187016001004
  2. Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). Guilford.
  3. Ding, L., Velicer, W. F., & Harlow, L. L. (1995). Effects of estimation methods, number of indicators per factor, and improper solutions on structural equation modeling fit indices. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(2), 119–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519509540000
  4. Dwyer, B., Greenhalgh, G. P., & LeCrom, C. W. (2015). Exploring fan behavior: Developing a scale to measure sport eFANgelism. Journal of Sport Management, 29(6), 642-656. https://doi.org/10.1123/JSM.2014-0201
  5. Dwyer, B., Greenhalgh, G., & LeCrom, C. (2016). Niche-versus mainstream-sport spectators: An analysis of need for uniqueness and sport eFANgelism. International Journal of Sport Communication, 9(3), 364–383. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2016-0045
  6. Erdoğan, A., Öztaş, M., & Şirin, E. F. (2021). Futbol taraftarlarının seyircilik durumları ile spor takımı evangelizm (efangelizm) ilişkisi üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(1), 476-484. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.681321
  7. Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). Sage.
  8. Fillis, I., & Mackay, C. (2014). Moving beyond fan typologies: The impact of social integration on team loyalty in football. Journal of Marketing Management, 30(3–4), 334–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2013.813575
  9. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
  10. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2014), Multivariate data analysis. USA: Pearson.
  11. Halıcı, A., & Yetim, Z. (2024). Investigation of football fans’ perceptions of event quality according to their typologies. Sage Open, 14(3), 21582440241271131.
  12. Halıcı, A., Karacif, A., & Doğan, P. K. (2024). Futbol taraftarlarının EFANgelizm düzeylerinin değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 32-39.
  13. Harrington, D. (2009). Confirmatory factor analysis. Oxford University.
  14. Hinkin, T. R. (2005). Scale development principles and practices. In R. A. Swanson & E. F. Holton III (Eds.), Research in organizations: Foundations and methods of inquiry (pp. 161–179). San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
  15. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
  16. Hunt, K. A., Bristol, T., & Bashaw, R. E. (1999). A conceptual approach to classifying sports fans. Journal of Services Marketing, 13(6), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876049910298720
  17. İnternet: Akşar, T. (2008). Taraftar mı, müşteri mi? URL: https://www.dunya.com/kose-yazisi/taraftar-mi-musteri-mi/3163 adresinden 4 Nisan 2023’de alınmıştır.
  18. Kearney, A. T. (2003). The new sports consumer. http://www. atkearney.com/shared_res/pdf/New_Sports_Consumer_S.pdf
  19. Kestane, Ü. S. (2020). Pazarlama. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  20. Kline, R. B. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (4th ed.). Guilford.
  21. Mahony, D.F., Madrigal, R., & Howard, D. (2000). Using the psychological commitment to team (PCT) scale to segment sport consumers based on loyalty. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(1), 15–24.
  22. Matsuoka, H. (2001). Multidimensionality of fans' psychological commitment to sport teams: development of a scale. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
  23. Mucuk, İ. (2001). Pazarlama İlkeleri. İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
  24. Netemeyer, R. G., Bearden, W. O., & Sharma, S. (2003). Scaling procedures. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  25. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGrawHill
  26. Park, S., Kim, S., & Chiu, W. (2021). Segmenting sport fans by eFANgelism: a cluster analysis of South Korean soccer fans. Managing Sport and Leisure, 28(2), 182-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2021.1873169
  27. Quick, S. (2000). Contemporary sport consumer: Some implications of linking fan typology with key spectator variables. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 9(3), 149–155.
  28. Raney, A. A. (2013). Reflections on communication and sport: On enjoyment and disposition. Communication & Sport, 1(1–2), 164–175. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479512467979
  29. Salman, G. G. (2008). The relationship between service quality of professional soccer clubs and fan satisfaction and typology. PhD Dissertation, Marmara University Institute of Social Sciences, İstanbul.
  30. Shuv-Ami, A., & Toder Alon, A. (2023). How do you categorize yourself as a sports fan? A new scale of sports fan social–personal identity salience (FSPIS) and its consequences. Communication & Sport, 11(1), 28–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167479520967278
  31. Smith, W. (1956). Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies. Journal of Marketing, 21, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224295602100102
  32. Sutton, W. A., McDonald, M. A., Milne, G. R., & Cimperman, J. (1997). Creating and fostering fan identification in professional sports. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, 15-22.
  33. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidel, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
  34. Taşmektepligil, M. Y., Çankaya, S., & Taner, T. (2015). Futbol taraftarı fanatiklik ölçeği. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 41–49. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.73408
  35. Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. American Psychological Association.
  36. Wann, D. L., & Branscombe, N. R. (1990). Die-hard and fairweather fans: Effects of identification on BIRGing and CORFing tendencies. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 14(2), 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372359001400203
  37. Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale development research: A content analysis and recommendations for best practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127
  38. Yüksekbilgili, Z. (2022). Pazarlama için ihtiyacınız olan tek kitap. İstanbul: Yüksekbilgili Yayınları.