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Journals / Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Quality standards in distance education scale: a validity and reliability study

Uzaktan eğitim kalite standartları ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması

Ertuğ Can(Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Bölümü Eğitim Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı)0000-0002-0885-9042
Şenol Sezer(ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-8800-6017
Pages
27–52
Publication Date
2026-07-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings revealed a four-factor structure, which was confirmed through CFA.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to assess the extent to which distance education complies with quality standards.
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Key Findings & Data:Two independent samples were employed during the scale development process: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with 352 participants, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 226 participants.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings revealed a four-factor structure, which was confirmed through CFA.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Uzaktan Eğitim · Kalite · Kalite Standartları Ölçeği

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument to assess the extent to which distance education complies with quality standards. The study was conducted within a survey research design, with the study population consisting of undergraduate students enrolled at Kırklareli University and Ordu University. Two independent samples were employed during the scale development process: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with 352 participants, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with 226 participants. A 25-item draft scale was generated based on an extensive literature review and expert opinions, and subsequently tested through a pilot study. For construct validity, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity were applied, followed by principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. The findings revealed a four-factor structure, which was confirmed through CFA. The scale comprises four dimensions: system adequacy, student-centeredness, infrastructure adequacy, and ethical competence. As a result, the final 21-item scale was found to be a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating the quality of distance education practices and can be utilized across different levels of education.

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı, uzaktan eğitimin kalite standartlarına uygunluğunu belirlemeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırma, tarama modeli kapsamında yürütülmüş olup çalışma evrenini Kırklareli Üniversitesi ve Ordu Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören lisans öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Ölçek geliştirme sürecinde iki farklı örneklem kullanılmış; Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi 352, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi ise 226 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alanyazın taraması ve uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda oluşturulan 25 maddelik taslak ölçek pilot uygulama sonrası analiz edilmiştir. Yapı geçerliği için KMO ve Bartlett testleri uygulanmış, ardından temel bileşenler analizi ve Varimax döndürme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular dört faktörlü bir yapı ortaya koymuş ve bu yapı DFA ile doğrulanmıştır. Ölçek; sistem yeterliği, öğrenci merkezlilik, altyapı yeterliği ve etik yeterlik alt boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, 21 maddelik ölçek uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının kalite düzeyini değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olup farklı öğretim kademelerinde kullanılabilir niteliktedir.

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Cite This Article

Can, E., Sezer, Ş. (2026). Quality standards in distance education scale: a validity and reliability study. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 27–52. https://doi.org/10.51948/auad.1927564

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