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Journals / Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Assessment of the Effects of Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitors on Electrolyte and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study

Tip 2 Diyabetli Hastalarda Metformin ve DPP-4 İnhibitörlerinin Elektrolit ve Vitamin B12 Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Bir Çalışma

Zeynep Gizem Todurga Seven(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY-CERRAHPASA)0000-0002-2529-0118
Kübra Çiğdem Pekkoç Uyanık(HALİÇ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1056-960X
Fatma Kübra Tombultürk(İSTİNYE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4358-2309
Erhan Raşit Agay(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY-CERRAHPASA)0000-0002-6020-7332
Pages
164–178
Publication Date
2025-08-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential impact of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors on mineral and electrolyte homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of regular assessment of electrolyte levels and vitamin B12 status in individuals receiving these treatments.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly managed using metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, linagliptin) to improve glycemic control.
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Key Findings & Data:However, their effects on electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin B12 levels remain unclear.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential impact of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors on mineral and electrolyte homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of regular assessment of electrolyte levels and vitamin B12 status in individuals receiving these treatments.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:T2DM · Metformin · DPP-4 inhibitörü

Abstract

Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly managed using metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, linagliptin) to improve glycemic control. However, their effects on electrolyte, mineral, and vitamin B12 levels remain unclear. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors on electrolyte levels, as well as mineral and vitamin B12 levels. Material and Methods: Electrolyte and mineral levels (including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride), along with vitamin B12 concentrations, measured through standard laboratory methods in blood samples from T2DM patients receiving metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as healthy controls, were retrospectively obtained from medical records. The results were analyzed by comparing the control group with the treatment groups and the treatment groups with each other. Results: Sodium levels were decreased significantly in the metformin+DPP-4 inhibitor group compared to the metformin group (p=0.034). Potassium concentrations were considerably elevated in both the metformin group and the DPP-4 inhibitor group than in the control group (p=0.010 and p=0.006, respectively). Vitamin B12 concentrations demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the metformin+DPP-4 inhibitor group relative to the control group (p=0.006). Conclusion: These findings highlight the potential impact of metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors on mineral and electrolyte homeostasis, emphasizing the importance of regular assessment of electrolyte levels and vitamin B12 status in individuals receiving these treatments.

Özet

Amaç: Tip 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) tedavisinde sık kullanılan metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörleri (vildagliptin, linagliptin), glisemik kontrolü sağlamak için yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak, elektrolit, mineral dengesi ve B12 vitamini düzeyleri üzerindeki etkileri tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışma, metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörlerinin elektrolit dengesi, mineral düzeyleri ve B12 vitamini üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörleri alan T2DM hastalarının ve sağlıklı katılımcıların standart laboratuvar teknikleriyle ölçülen kan örneklerindeki elektrolit/mineral (sodyum, potasyum, kalsiyum, magnezyum ve klorür) ve vitamin B12 seviyeleri geçmiş tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edildi. Sonuçlar, kontrol grubu ile tedavi grupları arasında ve tedavi grupları da kendi aralarında karşılaştırılarak analiz edildi. Bulgular: Sodyum düzeyleri metformin grubuna kıyasla, metformin+DPP-4 inhibitörü grubunda belirgin şekilde azaldı (p=0.034). Potasyum düzeyleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla hem metformin hem de DPP-4 inhibitörü tedavi gruplarında belirgin şekilde arttı (sırasıyla p=0.010, p=0.006). Vitamin B12 düzeyleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla, metformin+DPP-4 inhibitörü grubunda istatistiksel açıdan önemli bir düşüş gösterdi (p=0.006). Sonuç: Bu bulgular metformin ve DPP-4 inhibitörlerinin mineral ve elektrolit homeostazı üzerindeki potansiyel etkisini vurgulamakta ve bu tedavileri gören hastalarda elektrolit ve vitamin B12 düzeylerinin dikkatli bir şekilde izlenmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Seven, Z. G. T., Uyanık, K. Ç. P., Tombultürk, F. K., Agay, E. R. (2025). Assessment of the Effects of Metformin and DPP-4 Inhibitors on Electrolyte and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Study. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 164–178. https://doi.org/10.25048/tudod.1648392

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