Journals / İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 29

The Effectiveness of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Türkiye: An Empirical Analysis of the Interest Rate Channel and the Exchange Rate Channel (2013–2025)

Türkiye’de Para Politikası Aktarım Mekanizmasının Etkinliği: Faiz Kanalı ve Döviz Kuru Kanalı Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz (2013–2025)

Sinem Gözde Beşballı(ARTVİN ÇORUH ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-2367-7252
Pages
743–766
Publication Date
2026-09-07
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, the findings demonstrate that Türkiye’s monetary transmission mechanism operates predominantly through the exchange rate channel, whereas the traditional interest rate channel has largely lost its effectiveness.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism in Türkiye over the period 2013–2025, focusing on the effectiveness of the interest rate channel and its relationship with the exchange rate channel.
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Key Findings & Data:The main objective is to analyze the impact of monetary policy shocks on inflation and output under structural breaks and to assess the relative effectiveness of the interest rate channel compared to the exchange rate channel.
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall, the findings demonstrate that Türkiye’s monetary transmission mechanism operates predominantly through the exchange rate channel, whereas the traditional interest rate channel has largely lost its effectiveness.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2013–2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Parasal Aktarım Mekanizması · faiz kanalı · döviz kuru geçişkenliği

Abstract

This study examines the effectiveness of the monetary transmission mechanism in Türkiye over the period 2013–2025, focusing on the effectiveness of the interest rate channel and its relationship with the exchange rate channel. The main objective is to analyze the impact of monetary policy shocks on inflation and output under structural breaks and to assess the relative effectiveness of the interest rate channel compared to the exchange rate channel. A four-variable Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) is estimated using monthly data on the policy interest rate, exchange rate, inflation rate, and output gap. While the Johansen cointegration test suggests a long-run relationship under the assumption that all variables are I(1), the ARDL bounds test and Gregory-Hansen cointegration test indicate that this relationship cannot be statistically confirmed under structural breaks and mixed integration orders. While Granger causality suggests a bidirectional relationship between the exchange rate and inflation, the Toda-Yamamoto test — which is robust to integration uncertainty — confirms that this relationship is unidirectional, running from the exchange rate to inflation; the reverse direction loses statistical significance. Policy rate shocks do not have a statistically significant effect on either inflation or the exchange rate. Impulse–response analysis shows that a 1 percent increase in the exchange rate raises inflation by approximately 0.28 percent in the short run. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Türkiye’s monetary transmission mechanism operates predominantly through the exchange rate channel, whereas the traditional interest rate channel has largely lost its effectiveness.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 2013–2025 döneminde Türkiye ekonomisinde para politikası aktarım mekanizmasının etkinliğini, faiz kanalı ve döviz kuru kanalı çerçevesinde analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, para politikası şoklarının enflasyon ve çıktı üzerindeki etkilerini yapısal kırılmalar altında incelemek ve faiz oranı kanalının etkinliğini döviz kuru kanalıyla karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Bu doğrultuda, politika faizi, döviz kuru, enflasyon oranı ve çıktı açığını içeren dört değişkenli bir model çerçevesinde ARDL Sınır Testi ve Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) aylık veriler kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. ARDL Sınır Testi ve Gregory-Hansen kırılmalı eşbütünleşme testi yapısal kırılmalar altında uzun dönemli ilişkinin istatistiksel olarak doğrulanamadığını göstermektedir. Johansen eşbütünleşme testi tüm değişkenlerin I(1) olduğu varsayımı altında bir uzun dönemli ilişki tespit etmiş olmakla birlikte, output_gap serisinin I(0) olduğunun belirlenmesi bu sonucun ihtiyatla değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Granger nedensellik testleri döviz kuru ile enflasyon arasında çift yönlü bir ilişkiye işaret etmekle birlikte, bütünleşme belirsizliğine karşı sağlam olan Toda-Yamamoto testi bu ilişkinin yalnızca döviz kuru → enflasyon yönünde geçerli olduğunu; ters yönün istatistiksel anlamlılığını yitirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Faiz oranı şoklarının ne enflasyon ne de döviz kuru üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Etki–tepki analizleri, döviz kurundaki %1’lik artışın enflasyonu kısa vadede %0,28 oranında artırdığını göstermektedir. Bulgular, Türkiye’de parasal aktarım mekanizmasının ağırlıklı olarak döviz kuru kanalı üzerinden işlediğini ve faiz oranı kanalının etkinliğini büyük ölçüde yitirdiğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Beşballı, S. G. (2026). The Effectiveness of the Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Türkiye: An Empirical Analysis of the Interest Rate Channel and the Exchange Rate Channel (2013–2025). İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Sayı: 29, 743–766. https://doi.org/10.25204/iktisad.1834195

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