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Journals / Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Technology, innovation, and demographic axis: Gender-based effects of digital transformation on labor force participation

Teknoloji, yenilik ve demografi ekseni: Dijital dönüşümün işgücüne katılım üzerindeki cinsiyete dayalı etkileri

Sercan Dereli(ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-4083-8559
Pages
444–467
Publication Date
2026-06-25
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Panel findings indicate that digitalization and innovation indicators function as structural mechanisms that transform the skill composition of the labor force and the production structure rather than merely increasing the quantity of employment.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study is to comparatively reveal the direction and relative magnitude of the effects of digitalization, human capital accumulation, innovation capacity, economic growth, and demographic structure indicators on female and male labor force participation across OECD countries and in the case of Turkey.
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Key Findings & Data:To this end, panel data covering the period 2000-2023 are analyzed using the CCE-MG method, which accounts for cross-sectional dependence and country heterogeneity; for Turkey, an ARDL model is employed to disentangle long- and short-run relationships.
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Conclusion & Impact:Panel findings indicate that digitalization and innovation indicators function as structural mechanisms that transform the skill composition of the labor force and the production structure rather than merely increasing the quantity of employment.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2000-2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:dijitalleşme · beşerî sermaye · yenilik kapasitesi

Abstract

The aim of this study is to comparatively reveal the direction and relative magnitude of the effects of digitalization, human capital accumulation, innovation capacity, economic growth, and demographic structure indicators on female and male labor force participation across OECD countries and in the case of Turkey. To this end, panel data covering the period 2000-2023 are analyzed using the CCE-MG method, which accounts for cross-sectional dependence and country heterogeneity; for Turkey, an ARDL model is employed to disentangle long- and short-run relationships. Panel findings indicate that digitalization and innovation indicators function as structural mechanisms that transform the skill composition of the labor force and the production structure rather than merely increasing the quantity of employment. While the positive effect of tertiary education on female labor force participation is directionally consistent, it is statistically weak across the OECD as a whole; by contrast, women’s access to higher education emerges as the strongest and most stable long-run determinant in Turkey. In male labor force models, the effect of economic growth becomes more pronounced, whereas digitalization and innovation indicators play a more limited role. Overall, the study demonstrates that digital transformation generates asymmetric outcomes in terms of gender and that women’s access to technology and human capital accumulation are of critical importance for sustainable employment growth.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, dijitalleşme, beşerî sermaye birikimi, yenilik kapasitesi, ekonomik büyüme ve demografik yapı göstergelerinin kadın ve erkek işgücüne katılım üzerindeki etkilerinin yönünü ve göreli ağırlığını OECD ülkeleri ile Türkiye örneğinde karşılaştırmalı olarak ortaya koymaktır. Bu doğrultuda, 2000-2023 dönemine ait panel veri seti yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve ülke heterojenliğini dikkate alan CCE-MG yöntemiyle analiz edilmiş; Türkiye için ise ARDL modeli kullanılarak uzun ve kısa dönem ilişkiler ayrıştırılmıştır. Panel bulguları, dijitalleşme ve yenilik göstergelerinin istihdamın niceliğini artırmaktan çok işgücünün beceri bileşimini ve üretim yapısını dönüştüren yapısal bir mekanizma olarak işlediğini göstermektedir. Kadın işgücünde yükseköğretim düzeyinin pozitif etkisi yönsel olarak tutarlı olmakla birlikte OECD genelinde istatistiksel olarak zayıftır; buna karşın Türkiye’de kadınların yükseköğretime erişimi uzun dönemde en güçlü ve istikrarlı belirleyici olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Erkek işgücü modellerinde ekonomik büyüme etkisi belirginleşirken, dijitalleşme ve yenilik göstergeleri daha sınırlı bir rol oynamaktadır. Genel olarak çalışma, dijital dönüşümün toplumsal cinsiyet açısından simetrik olmayan sonuçlar ürettiğini ve kadınların teknolojiye erişimi ile beşerî sermaye kazanımlarının sürdürülebilir istihdam artışı için kritik önemde olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Dereli, S. (2026). Technology, innovation, and demographic axis: Gender-based effects of digital transformation on labor force participation. Gazi İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 444–467. https://ajindex.com/articles/1397092

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