SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Sayı: 89

The Interaction Between Work Engagement, Employee Voice and Quiet Quitting: A Quantitative Study on Bank Call Center Employees

Çalışmaya Tutkunluk, Çalışan Sesi ve Sessiz İstifa Arasındaki Etkileşim: Banka Çağrı Merkezi Çalışanları Üzerine Nicel Bir İnceleme

Fatih Gönül(HAKKARİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-1710-2997
Pages
261–280
Publication Date
2026-04-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Furthermore, t-test results revealed that female employees, compared to male employees, exhibited higher levels of quiet quitting and lower levels of work engagement.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Call centers play a crucial role in customer experience and relationships; nevertheless, working under high stress increases employee turnover and challenges employee engagement.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The research sample consists of 125 call center employees working for a private bank.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Furthermore, t-test results revealed that female employees, compared to male employees, exhibited higher levels of quiet quitting and lower levels of work engagement.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Çalışmaya tutkunluk · Çalışanların sesi · Sessiz istifa

Abstract

Call centers play a crucial role in customer experience and relationships; nevertheless, working under high stress increases employee turnover and challenges employee engagement. Call center employees working remotely are more likely to engage in quiet quitting due to poor organizational commitment and limited interaction between employees. Nevertheless, employees' strong work engagement and the ability to make their voices heard within the organization are considered potential mitigating factors against quiet quitting. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to analyze the relationships among work engagement, employee voice, and quiet quitting, while also examining differences in these variables based on demographic characteristics. The research sample consists of 125 call center employees working for a private bank. Data were collected through an online survey using a convenience sampling method, and correlation and regression analyses were conducted via the SPSS 23 statistical package. The results of the regression analysis indicate that neither work engagement nor employee voice has a significant effect on quiet quitting. However, work engagement was found to have a positive influence on employee voice. Furthermore, t-test results revealed that female employees, compared to male employees, exhibited higher levels of quiet quitting and lower levels of work engagement.

Özet

Çağrı merkezleri müşteri deneyimi ve ilişkilerinde önemli bir rol üstlenmekte; ancak çalışanların yüksek stres altında çalışmaları personel devrini artırmakta, çalışan bağlılığını zorlaştırmaktadır. Uzaktan çalışan müşteri temsilcileri, örgütsel bağlılığın zayıflaması ve çalışanlar arası sınırlı etkileşim nedeniyle sessiz istifaya daha yatkın görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte, çalışanların işlerine duydukları tutkunun güçlü olması ve örgüt içinde seslerini duyurabilmeleri, sessiz istifayı önleyici bir unsur olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, çalışmaya tutkunluk, çalışan sesi ve sessiz istifa arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmek ve bu değişkenlerin demografik özelliklere göre farklılıklarını incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, özel bir bankaya hizmet veren 125 çağrı merkezi çalışanından oluşmaktadır. Veriler, kolayda örnekleme yöntemiyle çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla toplanmış ve SPSS 23 paket programı kullanılarak korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Regresyon analizi sonuçları, çalışmaya tutkunluk ve çalışan sesinin sessiz istifa üzerinde anlamlı bir etkide bulunmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Bununla birlikte, çalışmaya tutkunluğun çalışan sesi üzerinde olumlu bir etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, t testi sonuçları kadın çalışanların erkek çalışanlara kıyasla daha yüksek sessiz istifa düzeyine sahip olduklarını ve çalışmaya tutkunluk düzeylerinin daha düşük olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Gönül, F. (2026). The Interaction Between Work Engagement, Employee Voice and Quiet Quitting: A Quantitative Study on Bank Call Center Employees. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı: 89, 261–280. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1815502

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (94)

  1. Alexis, M. (2022, August 28). Quiet quitting statistics. Teambuilding.Com. https://teambuilding.com/blog/quiet-quitting-statistics
  2. Alfayad, Z., & Arif, L. S. M. (2017). Employee voice and job satisfaction: An application of Herzberg two-factor theory. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(1), 150-156.
  3. Anand, A., Doll, J., & Ray, P. (2024). Drowning in silence: A scale development and validation of quiet quitting and quiet firing. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(4), 721-743. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2023-3600
  4. Atalay, M., & Dağıstan, U. (2024). Quiet quitting: A new wine in an old bottle? Personnel Review, 53(4), 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2023-0122
  5. Attridge, M. (2009). Measuring and Managing Employee Work Engagement: A Review of the Research and Business Literature. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 24(4), 383-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240903188398
  6. Avcı, N. (2023). Örgütsel sinizm, örgütsel sessizlik, işte sözde var olma ve sessiz istifa arasındaki ilişkiler: İstanbul Maltepe Belediyesi örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(39), 968-989.
  7. Aydın, E., & Azizoğlu, Ö. (2022). A new term for an existing concept: Quiet quitting—a selfdetermination perspective. International Congress on Critical Debates in Social Sciences, içinde (pp. 285-295). Balıkesir: ICCDSS.
  8. Baruch, Y., & Holtom, B. C. (2008). Survey response rate levels and trends in organizational research. Human Relations, 61(8), 1139-1160. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726708094863
  9. Bell, R., & Kennebrew, D. (2023). What does Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Chester I. Barnard have to do with quiet quitting? American Journal of Management, 23, 1-11. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4429700
  10. Bloomberght. (2024, October 16). Türkiye’de dört gençten biri “sessiz istifa” sürecinde. BloombergHT. https://www.bloomberght.com/turkiye-de-dort-gencten-biri-sessiz-istifa-surecinde-2315953
  11. Botero, I. C., & Van Dyne, L. (2009). Employee voice behavior: Interactive effects of LMX and power distance in the United States and Colombia. Management Communication Quarterly, 23(1), 84-104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318909335415
  12. Boz, D. (2024). Sessiz istifanın işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi: Çağrı merkezi çalışanlarına yönelik bir araştırma. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 13, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.58627/dpuiibf.1455202
  13. Brinsfield, C. T. (2013). Employee silence motives: Investigation of dimensionality and development of measures. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(5), 671-697. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1829
  14. Çalışkan, K. (2023). Sessiz istifa: Sonun başlangıcı mı yeniden diriliş mi? Journal of Organizational Behavior Review, 5(2), 190-204.
  15. Campton, J., Tham, A., & Ting, H. (2023). Quiet quitting-implications for Asian Businesses. Asian Journal of Business Research, 13(2), 128-134. https://doi.org/doi:https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.230153
  16. Christian, A. (2022, August 29). Why ‘quiet quitting’ is nothing new. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20220825-why-quiet-quitting-is-nothing-new
  17. Demirkaya, H., Yıldız, B., Özalçın, S. E., & Öztürk, H. (2023). İnsan kaynaklarında sessizliğin yankıları: Örgütlerde sessiz istifa fenomeninin anatomisi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(2), 69-88.
  18. Deniz, A., Duran, C., & Boz, D. (2023). Sessiz istifa. In Sessiz istifa. Eğitim Yayınevi. https://www.egitimyayinevi.com/u/egitimyayinevi/docs/k/a/kapakli-ekitap-sessiz-istifa-icerik-dosyasi-1693574865.pdf
  19. Detert, J. R., & Burris, E. R. (2007). Leadership behavior and employee voice: Is the door really open? Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 869-884. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2007.26279183
  20. Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method. Indianapolis, Indiana, 17, 161-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394260645
  21. Emelifeonwu, J. C., & Valk, R. (2019). Employee voice and silence in multinational corporations in the mobile telecommunications industry in Nigeria. Employee Relations, 41(1), 228-252. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-04-2017-0073
  22. Erkek, Z. Y., & Altınayak, S. Ö. (2025). Factors causing the development of quiet quitting in female employees and the role of motherhood: The case of Türkiye. Health Care for Women International, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/07399332.2025.2463081
  23. Evans, J. R., & Mathur, A. (2005). The value of online surveys. Internet research, 15(2), 195-219. https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240510590360
  24. Farndale, E., Van Ruiten, J., Kelliher, C., & Hope‐Hailey, V. (2011). The influence of perceived employee voice on organizational commitment: An exchange perspective. Human Resource Management, 50(1), 113-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20404
  25. Formica, S., & Sfodera, F. (2022). The great resignation and quiet quitting paradigm shifts: An overview of current situation and future research directions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(8), 899-907. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.2136601
  26. GALLUP. (2024). Gallup.Com. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx
  27. Ganjali, A., & Rezaee, S. (2016). Linking perceived employee voice and creativity. Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies (Formerly Known as Iranian Journal of Management Studies), 9(1), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2016.55041
  28. Ge, Y. (2020). Psychological safety, employee voice, and work engagement. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 48(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8907
  29. Geng, R., Geng, X., & Geng, S. (2025). Identifying Key Antecedents of Quiet Quitting Among Nurses: A Cross‐Profession Meta‐Analytic Review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 82(1), 9133-933. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16934
  30. George, D. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple study guide and reference, 17.0 update. Pearson Education.
  31. George, D., & Mallery, P. (2024). IBM SPSS statistics 29 step by step: A simple guide and reference.Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781032622156/ibm-spss-statistics-29-step-step-darren-george-paul-mallery
  32. Gökkaya, D. (2024). İşe bağlı duygusal tükenmişliğin sessiz istifa üzerine etkisinde çalışma yaşam kalitesinin aracılık rolü: Sağlık çalışanlarında bir araştırma. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 12(3), 644-662.
  33. Grant, A. M. (2013). Rocking the boat but keeping it steady: The role of emotion regulation in employee voice. Academy of Management Journal, 56(6), 1703-1723. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0035
  34. Güven, Ç. (2017). Algılanan liderlik tarzlarının çalışan sesine etkisinde örgütsel güvenin rolü ve bir araştırma. [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  35. Hamouche, S., Koritos, C., & Papastathopoulos, A. (2023). Quiet quitting: Relationship with other concepts and implications for tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(12), 4297-4312. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2022-1362
  36. Harris, L. C. (2025). Commitment and quiet quitting: A qualitative longitudinal study. Human Resource Management, 64(2), 565-582. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22274
  37. Harter, J. (2022). Is quiet quitting real. Gallup. Com. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/398306/quiet-quitting-real.aspx?v
  38. Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(2), 268-279. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.2.268
  39. Hidayah Ibrahim, S. N., Suan, C. L., & Karatepe, O. M. (2019). The effects of supervisor support and self-efficacy on call center employees’ work engagement and quitting intentions. International Journal of Manpower, 40(4), 688-703. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2017-0320
  40. Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States. Harvard University Press.
  41. Hofschulte-Beck, A. (2022). The long-term impacts of remote working on employees and employers [Master’s Thesis]. The College of St. Scholastica.
  42. Holman, D. (2003). Phoning in sick? An overview of employee stress in call centres. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 24(3), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730310469543
  43. Hungerford, C., Jackson, D., & Cleary, M. (2025). Quiet quitting, resenteeism and other forms of disengagement: What are the answers for nurses? 81, 2855-2857. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16574
  44. Ilkhanizadeh, S., & Karatepe, O. M. (2017). An examination of the consequences of corporate social responsibility in the airline industry: Work engagement, career satisfaction, and voice behavior. Journal of Air Transport Management, 59, 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.11.002
  45. Jack, E. P., Bedics, T. A., & McCary, C. E. (2006). Operational challenges in the call center industry: A case study and resource-based framework. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 16(5), 477-500. https://doi.org/10.1108/09604520610686142
  46. Jena, L. K., Bhattacharyya, P., & Pradhan, S. (2017). Employee engagement and affective organizational commitment: Mediating role of employee voice among ındian service sector employees. Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective, 21(4), 356-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972262917733170
  47. Jha, N., Potnuru, R. K. G., Sareen, P., & Shaju, S. (2019). Employee voice, engagement and organizational effectiveness: A mediated model. European Journal of Training and Development, 43(7/8), 699-718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-10-2018-0097
  48. Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
  49. Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri (Vol. 5). Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ankara, Turkey.
  50. Keçeci, M., Küçükelçi, D. T., & Allaham, M. V. (2022). Çalışmaya tutkunluk, iş tatmini ve çalışan sesliliği ilişkisi üzerine ampirik bir araştırma. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 74, 75-96. https://doi.org/10.51290/dpusbe.1089621
  51. Knoll, M., & Van Dick, R. (2013). Do I hear the whistle…? A first attempt to measure four forms of employee silence and their correlates. Journal of Business Ethics, 113(2), 349-362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1308-4
  52. Kossyva, D., Theriou, G., Aggelidis, V., & Sarigiannidis, L. (2023). Outcomes of engagement: A systematic literature review and future research directions. Heliyon, 9(6), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17565
  53. Koyuncu, M., Burke, R., Fixenbaum, L., & Tekin, Y. (2013). Antecedents and consequences of employee voice behaviour among front-line employees in Turkish hotels. Anatolia, 24(3), 427-437. https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2013.804425
  54. Kumar, N. (2019). Determinants of stress and well-being in call centre employees. Journal of Management, 6(2), 19-24. https://doi.org/10.34218/JOM.6.2.2019.002
  55. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
  56. Kwon, B., Farndale, E., & Park, J. G. (2016). Employee voice and work engagement: Macro, meso, and micro-level drivers of convergence? Human Resource Management Review, 26(4), 327-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.04.005
  57. Lainidi, O., Johnson, J., Griffin, B., Koutsimani, P., Mouratidis, C., Keyworth, C., & O’Connor, D. B. (2025). Associations between burnout, employee silence and voice: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology & Health, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2025.2509074
  58. Ling, J., Chok, J. I., Zhang, W., & Lowery, C. M. (2025). The Impacts of Organizational Changes on Work Engagement and Quiet Quitting. American Journal of Management, 25(1), 13-28. https://doi.org/10.33423/ajm.v25i1.7514
  59. Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Papathanasiou, I. V., Konstantakopoulou, O., Katharaki, M., & Galanis, P. (2025). Engaging leadership reduces quiet quitting and improves work engagement: Evidence from nurses in Greece. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5959549/v1
  60. Morrison, E. W. (2011). Employee voice behavior: Integration and directions for future research. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 373-412. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.574506
  61. Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091328
  62. Morrison, E. W. (2023). Employee voice and silence: Taking stock a decade later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 79-107. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-054654
  63. Nordgren, H., & Ingemarsson Björs, A. (2023). Quiet quitting, loud consequences: The role of management in employee engagement [Thesis, Uppsala University]. https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1744351
  64. Osborne, S., & Hammoud, M. S. (2017). Effective employee engagement in the workplace. International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, 16(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.5590/IJAMT.2017.16.1.04
  65. Öztürk, E., Arıkan, Ö. U., & Ocak, M. (2023). Understanding quiet quitting: Triggers, antecedents and consequences. Uluslararası Davranış, Sürdürülebilirlik ve Yönetim Dergisi, 10(18), 57-79. https://doi.org/10.54709/jobesam.1299018
  66. Pevec, N. (2023). The concept of identifying factors of quiet quitting in organizations: An integrative literature review. Challenges of the Future, 2, 128-147.
  67. Pratiwi, P. E., Stanislaus, S., & Pratiwi, P. C. (2023). The tendency of quiet quitting workers in terms of engagement and well-being at work. Philanthropy: Journal of Psychology, 7(2), 132-143. https://doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v7i2.7905
  68. Purnomo, H., Wening, N., & Oktafiani, R. (2025). The silent exodus: A systematic review of quiet quitting and its impact on employee productivity and organizational culture. Jurnal Manajemen (Edisi Elektronik), 16(2), 360-371. https://doi.org/10.32832/jmuika.v16i2.19211
  69. Rees, C., Alfes, K., & Gatenby, M. (2013). Employee voice and engagement: Connections and consequences. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 24(14), 2780-2798. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2013.763843
  70. Reissová, A., & Papay, M. (2021). Relationship between employee engagement, job satisfaction and potential turnover. TEM Journal, 10(2), 847‐852. https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM102-44
  71. Resume Builder. (2022). 1 in 4 of workers are ‘quiet quitting,’ saying no to hustle culture. ResumeBuilder.Com. https://www.resumebuilder.com/1-in-4-of-workers-quiet-quitting-saying-no-to-hustle-culture/
  72. Ro, H., & Lee, J.-E. (2017). Call center employees’ intent to quit: Examination of job engagement and role clarity. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 18(4), 531-543. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2017.1292163
  73. Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2018). Essentials of Organizational Behavior (Global). United States: Pearson.
  74. Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
  75. Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2008). A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19(1), 116-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585190701763982
  76. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2003). Utrecht work engagement scale-9. Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t05561-000
  77. Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire: A Cross-National Study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701-716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
  78. Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3, 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
  79. Sheoran, N., Goyal, R., & Sharma, H. (2023). Proactive personality and employee engagement: The mediating role of employee voice. FIIB Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/23197145231175744
  80. Shin, D., Woodwark, M. J., Konrad, A. M., & Jung, Y. (2022). Innovation strategy, voice practices, employee voice participation, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 147, 392-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.04.015
  81. Sitorus, M. G., & Rachmawati, R. (2024). Analysis of the quiet quitting phenomenon with work engagement and job satisfaction as mediators, study of employees in Indonesia banking ındustry. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 4(11), 10671-10793. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v4i11.44765
  82. Song, Y., Jia, Y., Sznajder, K., Ding, J., & Yang, X. (2021). Recovery experiences mediate the effect of burnout on life satisfaction among Chinese physicians: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01554-1
  83. Srivastava, S., Saxena, A., Kapoor, V., & Qadir, A. (2024). Sailing through silence: Exploring how negative gossip leaves breeding grounds for quiet quitting in the workplace. International Journal of Conflict Management, 35(4), 733-755. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-07-2023-0139
  84. Sürücü, L., Güleryüz, İ., & Maşlakçı, A. (2024). Sessiz istifa ve sessiz işten çıkarma ölçekleri: Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışması. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(2), 570-591. https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1370880
  85. Sverke, M., & Hellgren, J. (2002). The Nature of Job Insecurity: Understanding Employment Uncertainty on the Brink of a New Millennium. Applied Psychology, 51(1), 23-42. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.0077z
  86. Şimşek, Y., & Gürler, M. (2019). A study on employee voice and its effect on work engagement: Explicating from the Turkish teachers’ perspectives. International Education Studies, 12(7), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n7p80
  87. TBB. (2024, September). Türkiye'de çağrı merkezleri ile ilgili istatistikler. https://www.tbb.org.tr/sites/default/files/raporlar/51405/ekler/Cagri_Merkezi_Istatistikleri-Eylul_2024_0.pdf
  88. Toska, A., Dimitriadou, I., Togas, C., Nikolopoulou, E., Fradelos, E. C., Papathanasiou, I. V., Sarafis, P., Malliarou, M., & Saridi, M. (2025). Quiet quitting in the hospital context: Investigating conflicts, organizational support, and professional engagement in Greece. Nursing Reports, 15(2), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15020038
  89. Turan, N. (2025a). Sessiz İstifa Yaşam Tatminini Koruyan Bir Dinamik Mi? Sessiz İstifa, Yaşam Tatmini ve Demografik Değişkenlerin Etkileşimi Üzerine Nicel Bir Araştırma. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 28(2), 421-438. https://doi.org/10.29249/selcuksbmyd.1773920
  90. Turan, N. (2025b). Sessiz İstifa İle Çalışma Psikolojisi İlişkisine Yönelik Kısa Bir Bakış Açısı. Uluslararası Akademik Çalışmalar Dergisi, 5(3), 177-188.
  91. Turgut, T. (2011). Çalışmaya tutkunluk: İş yükü, esnek çalışma saatleri, yönetici desteği ve iş-aile çatışması ile ilişkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(3-4), 155-179.
  92. Van Dyne, L., & LePine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra-role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119. https://doi.org/10.2307/256902
  93. Wilkinson, A., & Barry, M. (2016). Voices from across the divide: An industrial relations perspective on employee voice. German Journal of Human Resource Management: Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung, 30(3-4), 338-344. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397002216649899
  94. Wilkinson, A., & Fay, C. (2011). New times for employee voice? Human Resource Management, 50(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20411