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Journals / Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

The Effect of Calcination Process on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Bone Powder Reinforced Composites

Kalsinasyon İşleminin Kemik Tozu Takviyeli Kompozitlerin Mekanik ve Tribolojik Performansına Etkisi

Sena Kabave Kılınçarslan(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7302-4554
Havva Karaman(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0005-5867-8142
M. Salih Gül(KARABÜK ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0589-7510
Enes Kılınçarslan(KARDEMİR)0009-0003-9268-4074
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-07-28
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results showed that bone powder reinforcement improved the mechanical and tribological performance of the composites.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Bone powder is a sustainable and waste-derived reinforcement material used in polymer matrix composites.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In this study, the effect of bone powder heat-treated at 500 °C for 1 hour and 900 °C for 2 hours on the mechanical and tribological performance of epoxy matrix composites was investigated.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results showed that bone powder reinforcement improved the mechanical and tribological performance of the composites.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kemik Tozu · Polimer Kompozitler · Mekanik Performans

Abstract

Bone powder is a sustainable and waste-derived reinforcement material used in polymer matrix composites. The calcination process applied to bone powder before composite production is critical for removing the organic phase, increasing mineral content, and improving interfacial properties. In this study, the effect of bone powder heat-treated at 500 °C for 1 hour and 900 °C for 2 hours on the mechanical and tribological performance of epoxy matrix composites was investigated. Mechanical performance was evaluated using hardness, tensile, and fatigue tests; fracture surfaces were examined by SEM. Tribological performance was determined from friction coefficients and weight loss in wear tests performed at 10 N and 20 N loads, with speeds of 40 mm/s and 55 mm/s. The results showed that bone powder reinforcement improved the mechanical and tribological performance of the composites. However, in samples without calcination, a decrease in tensile and fatigue strength occurred due to agglomeration and micro-voids. Particularly in composites containing bone powder calcined at 900 °C, a more homogeneous microstructure was obtained, tensile and fatigue performance improved, and wear resistance increased significantly.

Özet

Kemik tozu, polimer matrisli kompozitlerde kullanılan sürdürülebilir ve atık kökenli bir takviye malzemesidir. Kompozit üretimi öncesinde kemik tozuna uygulanan kalsinasyon işlemi; organik fazın uzaklaştırılması, mineral içeriğin artırılması ve arayüzey özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi açısından kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, 500 °C’de 1 saat ve 900 °C’de 2 saat süreyle ısıl işleme tabi tutulmuş kemik tozunun epoksi matrisli kompozitlerin mekanik ve tribolojik performansına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mekanik performans sertlik, çekme ve yorulma testleri ile değerlendirilmiş; kırılma yüzeyleri SEM analizi ile incelenmiştir. Tribolojik performans ise 10 N ve 20 N yükler ile 40 mm/s ve 55 mm/s hızlarda gerçekleştirilen aşınma testleri sonucunda sürtünme katsayısı ve ağırlık kaybı üzerinden belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, kemik tozu takviyesinin kompozitlerde mekanik ve tribolojik performansı iyileştirdiğini göstermiştir. Ancak kalsinasyon işlemi uygulanmamış numunelerde topaklanma ve mikro boşluklar sebebiyle çekme ve yorulma dayanımında azalma meydana gelmiştir. Özellikle 900 °C’de kalsine edilmiş kemik tozu içeren kompozitlerde daha homojen bir mikroyapı elde edilmiş, çekme ve yorulma performansı iyileşmiş ve aşınma direnci belirgin şekilde artmıştır.

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Cite This Article

Kılınçarslan, S. K., Karaman, H., Gül, M. S., Kılınçarslan, E. (2026). The Effect of Calcination Process on the Mechanical and Tribological Performance of Bone Powder Reinforced Composites. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2. https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.1937969

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