Journals / Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying

Kodlama fırsatını beklemenin bedeli: yarı dubleks çift yönlü rölelemede bilgi yaşı

Alper Köse(İZMİR YÜKSEK TEKNOLOJİ ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0002-1537-1205
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Publication Date
2026-10-18
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Under a common broadcast erasure model, the gain reaches 42.5 percent when half of all broadcasts are lost.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:A relay that combines two opposing traffic flows with an exclusive or operation can reduce the number of broadcasts, but only when updates from both flows are simultaneously available.
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Key Findings & Data:Across the asymmetric parameter grid, waiting reduces sum age of information by up to 36.7 percent and the age of the lightly loaded flow by up to 42.0 percent.
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Conclusion & Impact:Under a common broadcast erasure model, the gain reaches 42.5 percent when half of all broadcasts are lost.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:bilgi yaşı · yarı dubleks röleleme · ağ kodlama

Abstract

A relay that combines two opposing traffic flows with an exclusive or operation can reduce the number of broadcasts, but only when updates from both flows are simultaneously available. This creates a scheduling dilemma between immediate forwarding and waiting for a coding partner. Prior work has studied this decision under delay, throughput, and transmission cost objectives. We revisit it under age of information, where waiting has different consequences. A relay that buffers only the freshest update of each flow may replace a held update with a newer one while waiting, which limits the freshness penalty. In addition, a half duplex relay cannot receive while broadcasting, so each avoided uncoded transmission creates another reception opportunity. We formulate a slotted two way relay network with a bounded waiting threshold and derive the exact average age of information of both flows using a finite discrete time stochastic hybrid system. Under light symmetric traffic the greedy policy remains optimal, whereas sufficiently asymmetric traffic produces a pronounced U shaped dependence with a finite positive optimum. Across the asymmetric parameter grid, waiting reduces sum age of information by up to 36.7 percent and the age of the lightly loaded flow by up to 42.0 percent. In a representative case, the transmission frequency is reduced by a factor of 3.2. Under a common broadcast erasure model, the gain reaches 42.5 percent when half of all broadcasts are lost.

Özet

İki zıt yönlü trafik akışını özel VEYA işlemiyle birleştiren bir röle yayın sayısını azaltabilir; ancak bu, yalnızca her iki akışın güncellemeleri aynı anda mevcut olduğunda mümkündür. Bu durum, anında iletme ile bir kodlama eşini bekleme arasında bir çizelgeleme ikilemi yaratır. Önceki çalışmalar bu kararı gecikme, veri hızı ve iletim maliyeti hedefleri altında incelemiştir. Biz bu kararı, beklemenin farklı sonuçlar doğurduğu bilgi yaşı ölçütü altında yeniden ele alıyoruz. Her akışın yalnızca en taze güncellemesini arabelleğe alan bir röle, beklerken elindeki güncellemeyi daha yenisiyle değiştirebilir; bu da tazelik cezasını sınırlar. Ayrıca yarı dubleks bir röle yayın yaparken alım yapamaz; dolayısıyla kaçınılan her kodsuz iletim yeni bir alım fırsatı yaratır. Sınırlı bir bekleme eşiğine sahip, zaman dilimli bir çift yönlü röle ağı formüle ediyor ve her iki akışın kesin ortalama bilgi yaşını sonlu, ayrık zamanlı bir stokastik hibrit sistem kullanarak türetiyoruz. Hafif simetrik trafik altında açgözlü politika en iyi kalırken, yeterince asimetrik trafik sonlu ve pozitif bir en iyi değere sahip belirgin bir U biçimli bağımlılık üretir. Asimetrik parametre ızgarası genelinde bekleme, toplam bilgi yaşını yüzde 36.7'ye, hafif yüklü akışın yaşını ise yüzde 42.0'a varan oranlarda azaltır. Temsili bir senaryoda iletim sıklığı 3.2 kat azalır. Ortak yayın silinme modeli altında, tüm yayınların yarısı kaybolduğunda kazanç yüzde 42.5'e ulaşır.

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Cite This Article

Köse, A. (2026). The Price of Waiting for a Coding Opportunity: Age of Information in Half-Duplex Two-Way Relaying. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3. https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.2016601

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