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Journals / Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3

Thermal and distillation performance of single-slope solar stills incorporating limestone and size-optimized basalt as sensible heat storage materials

Kireçtaşı ve boyut optimize edilmiş bazaltı duyarlı ısı depolama malzemesi olarak kullanan tek eğimli güneş enerjili damıtma cihazlarının termal ve damıtma performansı

Sinem Kılıçkap Işık(Bingöl Üniversitesi)0000-0002-1044-5092
Emin El(BİTLİS EREN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6596-9654
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-10-18
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, the use of 19 mm basalt stones offers a simple, sustainable, and highly efficient solution for producing clean water in areas where it is most needed.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates a practical and cost effective way to improve the efficiency of passive-solar stills by using natural stones as heat storage materials.
📊
Key Findings & Data:In the first-stage, we compared 19 mm basalt and limestone at the base of the still.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, the use of 19 mm basalt stones offers a simple, sustainable, and highly efficient solution for producing clean water in areas where it is most needed.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:güneş enerjisi · damıtma · güneş enerjili damıtıcı verimliliği

Abstract

This study investigates a practical and cost effective way to improve the efficiency of passive-solar stills by using natural stones as heat storage materials. The focus is on the effect of different stone types and sizes on clean water production. In the first-stage, we compared 19 mm basalt and limestone at the base of the still. Basalt performed better than limestone because it could absorb more solar radiation throughout the day due to its dark color and high heat capacity. In the second-stage, the effect of the particle sizes of basalt aggregates (4.75 mm, 12.5 mm, and 19 mm) on efficiency was investigated. Compared to the conventional still (3404 ml/m2), the total daily distilled water yield per 1 m2 base area increased by 32.4% using 19 mm basalt (4508 ml/m2) and by 20.1% using 19 mm limestone (4088 ml/m2), indicating that the 19 mm basalt still produced 10.3% more distilled water than the limestone still. In a conventional still, 48% of the total distilled water is produced at night, while this rate increases to 58.2% in a still with basalt and 55.5% in a limestone still. Specifically, 19 mm basalt produced 11.14% more distilled water daily than the smallest (4.75 mm) basalt stones. At 17:00, the system efficiency for 19 mm basalt reached an impressive 82.89%. Our findings suggest that the superior performance of larger stones (19 mm) may be attributed to the wider inter-particle void spaces they create in the basin, which potentially facilitates better water circulation alongside effective sensible heat storage and release throughout the night. In conclusion, the use of 19 mm basalt stones offers a simple, sustainable, and highly efficient solution for producing clean water in areas where it is most needed.

Özet

Bu çalışma, doğal taşları ısı depolama malzemesi olarak kullanarak pasif güneş enerjili damıtma cihazlarının verimliliğini artırmanın pratik ve uygun maliyetli bir yolunu araştırmaktadır. Odak noktası, farklı taş türlerinin ve boyutlarının temiz su üretimi üzerindeki etkisidir. İlk aşamada, damıtma cihazının tabanında 19 mm bazalt ve kireç taşı karşılaştırılmıştır. Bazalt, koyu rengi ve yüksek ısı kapasitesi nedeniyle gün boyunca daha fazla güneş radyasyonunu emebildiği için kireç taşından daha iyi performans göstermiştir. İkinci aşamada, bazalt agregalarının partikül boyutlarının (4,75 mm, 12,5 mm ve 19 mm) verimlilik üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. 19 mm bazalt (4508 ml/m²) kullanılarak, geleneksel bir damıtma cihazına (3404 ml/m²) kıyasla 1 m² taban alanında %32,4 daha fazla ve kireç taşı damıtma cihazına (4088 ml/m²) kıyasla %10,3 daha fazla damıtılmış su üretilmiştir. Geleneksel bir damıtma cihazında, toplam damıtılmış suyun %48'i gece üretilirken, bu oran bazaltlı bir damıtma cihazında %58,2'ye ve kireçtaşı damıtma cihazında %55,5'e yükselmektedir. Özellikle, 19 mm'lik bazalt, en küçük (4,75 mm) bazalt taşlarına göre günlük %11,14 daha fazla damıtılmış su üretmiştir. Saat 17:00'de, 19 mm'lik bazalt için sistem verimliliği etkileyici bir şekilde %82,89'a ulaşmıştır. Bulgularımız, artan gözenekliliğe sahip daha büyük taşların enerjiyi daha etkili bir şekilde depoladığını ve gece boyunca suya saldığını göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, 19 mm'lik bazalt taşlarının kullanımı, en çok ihtiyaç duyulan bölgelerde temiz su üretmek için basit, sürdürülebilir ve son derece verimli bir çözüm sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Işık, S. K., El, E. (2026). Thermal and distillation performance of single-slope solar stills incorporating limestone and size-optimized basalt as sensible heat storage materials. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 3. https://doi.org/10.24012/dumf.2022956

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