Journals / Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine / 2025 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Evaluation

Acil Serviste Prosedürel Sedasyon ve Analjezi: Retrospektif Bir Değerlendirme

Çağrı Safa Buyurgan(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, DAHİLİ TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, ACİL TIP ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-8662-0670
Akif Yarkaç(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-2529-8064
Seyran Bozkurt(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-9503-2862
Ataman Köse(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-3856-6582
Rohad Sadık Koyuncu(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0006-2490-214X
Ayşe Yılmaz(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0009-0003-9576-1020
Gülhan Temel(MERSİN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-2835-6979
Pages
165–170
Publication Date
2025-12-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Considering the side effects observed with the use of sedative agents alone, preferring combination therapies may be a more effective approach to reduce the risk of complications.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who underwent procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) performed by emergency medicine physicians in the emergency department, and to evaluate adverse clinical outcomes (ACOs).
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: Data of 308 patients who underwent PSA between March 1, 2024, and February 28, 2025, were retrospectively analyzed.
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Conclusion & Impact:Considering the side effects observed with the use of sedative agents alone, preferring combination therapies may be a more effective approach to reduce the risk of complications.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2024 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Olumsuz klinik sonlanım · analjezi · bilinçli sedasyon

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who underwent procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) performed by emergency medicine physicians in the emergency department, and to evaluate adverse clinical outcomes (ACOs). Material and Methods: Data of 308 patients who underwent PSA between March 1, 2024, and February 28, 2025, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients’ demographic data, types of procedures, agents used during PSA, and post-procedure complications were evaluated. ACOs were defined as complications occurring during or after PSA, and the need for intervention, requirement for ward or intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death associated with these complications. Results: PSA was most commonly performed in orthopedic procedures (96.1%) and in male patients (51.6%). Midazolam was the most frequently used sedative agent (75.0%), while the fentanyl–midazolam combination was the most preferred regimen (72.4%). No major cardiovascular, respiratory, or neurological complications were observed. One patient (0.3%) developed ketamine-related vomiting and a secondary allergic reaction to symptomatic treatment, and was discharged after ward observation. No ICU admission or death occurred. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that PSA can be safely performed by emergency medicine physicians with a high success rate and minimal complications. Considering the side effects observed with the use of sedative agents alone, preferring combination therapies may be a more effective approach to reduce the risk of complications.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, acil serviste acil tıp hekimleri tarafından prosedürel sedasyon ve analjezi (PSA) uygulanan hastaların demografik ve klinik özelliklerinin tanımlanması ve olumsuz klinik sonlanımların (OKS) değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 01.03.2024–28.02.2025 tarihleri arasında PSA uygulanan 308 hastanın verileri retrospektif analiz edildi. Hastaların demografik verileri, girişim türleri, PSA sırasında kullanılan ajanlar ve işlem sonrası komplikasyonlar değerlendirildi. OKS; PSA uygulaması sırasında veya sonrasında gelişen komplikasyonlar ve bunlara bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan müdahale ihtiyacı, servis veya yoğun bakım yatışı gereksinimi ile ölüm durumu olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular: PSA, en sık ortopedik girişimlerde (%96,1) ve erkek hastalarda (%51,6) uygulandı. Sedatif ajan olarak en çok midazolam (%75,0), kombinasyon tedavide ise en çok fentanil ve midazolam (%72,4) tercih edildi. PSA’ya bağlı ciddi bir kardiyovasküler, solunumsal veya nörolojik komplikasyon gözlenmedi. Sadece bir hastada (%0,3) ketamin kaynaklı kusma ve verilen semptomatik tedaviye sekonder alerjik reaksiyon gelişti. Bu hasta, noninvaziv yaklaşımla yeterli servis gözlemi sonrası taburcu edildi. Hiçbir hastada komplikasyona bağlı yoğun bakım yatışı ya da ölüm görülmedi. Sonuç: Bulgularımız, PSA’nın acil tıp hekimleri tarafından yüksek başarı oranı ve minimal komplikasyonla güvenli bir şekilde uygulanabildiğini göstermektedir. Sedatif ajanların tek başına kullanımında gözlenen yan etkiler dikkate alındığında, bu ajanların kombinasyon halinde tercih edilmesi, komplikasyon riskini azaltmada daha etkili bir yaklaşım olabilir.

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Cite This Article

Buyurgan, Ç. S., Yarkaç, A., Bozkurt, S., Köse, A., Koyuncu, R. S., Yılmaz, A., Temel, G. (2025). Procedural Sedation and Analgesia in the Emergency Department: A Retrospective Evaluation. Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 165–170. https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1724523

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