Journals / Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine / 2025 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4

Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Türkiye: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis of Survival Determinants in an Evolving Emergency Medical Services System

Türkiye'de Hastane Dışı Kardiyak Arrest: Gelişmekte Olan Bir Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Sisteminde Sağkalım Belirleyicilerinin Dört Yıllık Retrospektif Analizi

Orhun Demir(LOKMAN HEKİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4815-2674
Aslı Türkmen Demir(LOKMAN HEKİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9663-3587
Pages
150–157
Publication Date
2025-12-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The survival rate in the ED was 52.2%, while the overall survival rate was 6.4%.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Aim: This study aims to examine prehospital and hospital factors influencing survival outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in a developing Emergency Medical Services (EMS) context.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included OHCA patients (≥18 years) from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2024, at Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital.
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Conclusion & Impact:The survival rate in the ED was 52.2%, while the overall survival rate was 6.4%.
🔬Design:Experimental Field Trial
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Hastane dışı kardiyak arrest · hayatta kalma sonuçları · acil servis

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to examine prehospital and hospital factors influencing survival outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients in a developing Emergency Medical Services (EMS) context. Material and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included OHCA patients (≥18 years) from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2024, at Lokman Hekim University Ankara Hospital. Patients were divided into four groups according to their survival status; those who survived in the emergency department (Group I), those who did not survive in the emergency department (Group II), those who survived in the hospital (Group III), and those who did not survive in the hospital (Group IV). Results: A total of 644 patients were included. The survival rate in the ED was 52.2%, while the overall survival rate was 6.4%. Significant univariate predictors of emergency department (ED) survival included shorter time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), lower initial lactate levels, shockable first arrest rhythm, witnessed arrest, and location of the arrest. Bystander CPR was also strongly associated with ED survival in univariate analysis (p < 0.001), although it did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate model (p = 0.066). In contrast, both shorter time to ROSC (p < 0.001) and lower lactate levels (p < 0.001) remained independent predictors of ED survival in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: Prehospital factors, such as timely CPR and EMS response times, significantly influence OHCA survival rates. While bystander CPR plays a critical role, optimizing EMS response time and reducing prehospital delays are essential for improving outcomes. Further studies are needed to refine EMS protocols and enhance survival prospects in OHCA patients.

Özet

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, gelişen Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri (ASH) bağlamında hastane dışı kardiyak arrest hastalarının sağ kalım sonuçlarını etkileyen hastane öncesi ve hastane faktörlerini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasına 1 Ocak 2021 ile 31 Aralık 2024 tarihleri arasında Lokman Hekim Üniversitesi Ankara Hastanesi'nde yatan hastane dışı kardiyak arrest (HDKA) hastaları (≥18 yaş) dahil edildi. Hastalar sağ kalım durumlarına göre dört gruba ayrıldı; acil serviste sağ kalanlar (Grup I), acil serviste sağ kalamayanlar (Grup II), hastanede sağ kalanlar (Grup III) ve hastanede sağ kalamayanlar (Grup IV). Bulgular: Toplam 644 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Acil servisteki sağ kalım oranı %52,2 iken, genel sağ kalım oranı %6,4 idi. Acil servis (AS) sağ kalımının anlamlı tek değişkenli prediktörleri arasında spontan dolaşımın geri dönüşüne (SDGD) kadar geçen sürenin daha kısa olması, daha düşük başlangıç laktat düzeyleri, şok edilebilir ilk arrest ritmi, tanık olunan arrest ve arrestin gerçekleştiği yer yer aldı. Olay yerine tanık olan kişilerce yapılan kardiyopulmoner resüsistasyonda (KPR) tek değişkenli analizde AS sağ kalımı ile güçlü bir şekilde ilişkiliydi (p<0,001), ancak çok değişkenli modelde istatistiksel anlamlılığa ulaşmadı (p = 0,066). Buna karşılık, hem SDGD süresinin daha kısa olması (p < 0,001) hem de laktat düzeylerinin daha düşük olması (p < 0,001), çok değişkenli regresyon analizinde AS sağ kalımının bağımsız prediktörleri olarak kaldı. Sonuç: Zamanında KPR ve ASH yanıt süreleri gibi hastane öncesi faktörler, HDKA hayatta kalma oranlarını önemli ölçüde etkiler. Olay yerindeki KPR kritik bir rol oynarken, ASH yanıt süresini optimize etmek ve hastane öncesi gecikmeleri azaltmak sonuçları iyileştirmek için önemlidir. ASH protokollerini iyileştirmek ve HDKA hastalarında hayatta kalma olasılıklarını artırmak için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

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Cite This Article

Demir, O., Demir, A. T. (2025). Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Türkiye: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis of Survival Determinants in an Evolving Emergency Medical Services System. Anatolian Journal of Emergency Medicine, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 4, 150–157. https://doi.org/10.54996/anatolianjem.1684953

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