SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2

Determination of the Antimicrobial and Biochemical Content of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.)

Siyah Havuç (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) Bitkisinin Antimikrobiyal ve Biyokimyasal İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi

Gizem Gül(Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi)0000-0003-3928-2917
Cenker Yaman(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-3559-9098
Dilay Turu(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-8485-0488
Atakan Benek(KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6726-5968
Rüveyde Pala(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5252-172X
Merve Ülkü Sayım(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0778-4018
Mustafa Eray Bozyel(CANAKKALE ONSEKIZ MART UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5556-4880
Kerem Canlı(DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6061-6948
Pages
253–260
Publication Date
2025-04-11
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, the study detected antimicrobial activity against 21 out of the 28 tested microorganisms, highlighting the potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of D. carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens, alongside its rich biochemical composition.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef. plant through disk diffusion and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) methods, evaluate its antioxidant activity via the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and analyze its biochemical composition using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry).
📊
Key Findings & Data:A total of 28 microorganisms were utilized, comprising 10 standard isolates, 1 clinical isolate, 7 food isolates, 9 multidrug-resistant strains, and 1 standard yeast.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Overall, the study detected antimicrobial activity against 21 out of the 28 tested microorganisms, highlighting the potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of D. carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens, alongside its rich biochemical composition.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef. · Antimikrobiyal aktivite · Antioksidan aktivite

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial activity of Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef. plant through disk diffusion and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) methods, evaluate its antioxidant activity via the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and analyze its biochemical composition using GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). A total of 28 microorganisms were utilized, comprising 10 standard isolates, 1 clinical isolate, 7 food isolates, 9 multidrug-resistant strains, and 1 standard yeast. The most significant inhibition zones in the disk diffusion test were observed with measurements of 8-8-10 mm for the Staphylococcus aureus strain, 9-11-16 mm for the Enterococcus faecium strain, and 9-9-9 mm for the Streptococcus pneumonia strain. The MIC test revealed the highest inhibition at a concentration of 1.18 mg/ml against Enterococcus faecium strain. Antioxidant activity, determined using the DPPH method, exhibited the highest activity at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL. GC-MS analysis identified Linoelaidic acid (18.30%) as the predominant compound. Overall, the study detected antimicrobial activity against 21 out of the 28 tested microorganisms, highlighting the potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of D. carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens, alongside its rich biochemical composition.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef. bitkisinin disk difüzyon ve MİK yöntemi ile antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin, DPPH yöntemi ile antioksidan aktivitesinin ve GC-MS yöntemi ile biyokimyasal içeriğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 10 standart izole, 1 klinik izole, 7 gıda izole, 9 çoklu ilaca dirençli suş ve 1 standart maya olmak üzere toplamda 28 mikroorganizma kullanılmıştır. Disk difüzyon testinde en yüksek sonuçlar Staphylococcus aureus suşunda 8-8-10 mm, Enterococcus faecium suşunda 9-11-16 mm ve Streptococcus pneumonia suşunda 9-9-9 mm zonlar gözlemlenmiştir. MİC testinde en yüksek sonuç Enterococcus faecium suşunda 1,18 mg\ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivitesi DPPH yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir ve 1000 µg/mL konsantrasyonunda en yüksek antioksidan aktiviteyi göstermiştir. GC-MS analizinin sonucunda majör madde olarak Linoelaidik asit (%18,30) tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak 28 mikroorganizma ile yapılan bu testte 21 mikroorganizmaya karşı antimikrobiyal etkinlik saptanmıştır. D. carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens’in güçlü bir antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu ve bununla birlikte zengin bir biyokimyasal içerik barındırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Gül, G., Yaman, C., Turu, D., Benek, A., Pala, R., Sayım, M. Ü., Bozyel, M. E., Canlı, K. (2025). Determination of the Antimicrobial and Biochemical Content of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 253–260. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1470311

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (32)

  1. Akarca, G., Tomar, O., Başpınar, E., & Yıldırım, G. 2006. Antifungal Effects of Some Raw Purple Vegetables on Foodborne Molds by Ethanol Extracts. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology. 8(2): 36-41. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i2.436-441.3138
  2. Algarra, M., Fernandes, A., Mateus, N., de Freitas, V., da Silva, J. C. E., & Casado, J. 2014. Anthocyanin profile and antioxidant capacity of black carrots (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) from Cuevas Bajas, Spain. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 33(1): 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.11.005
  3. Asilbekova, D. T., Bobakulov, K., Sasmakov, S. A., Abdurakhmanov, J. M., Azimova, S., Abdullaev, N. D., & Sagdullaev, S. (2017). Composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Daucus carota L. subsp. carota, growing in Uzbekistan. Am. J. Essent. Oils Nat. Prod, 5, 9-13.
  4. Bağdat, R. B. 2006. Tibbi ve aromatik bitkilerin kullanim alanlari, tibbi adaçayi (Salvia officinalis L.) ve ülkemizde kekik adiyla bilinen türlerin yetiştirme teknikleri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 15(1-2): 19-28.
  5. Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., & Ibnsouda, S. K. 2016. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of pharmaceutical analysis. 6(2): 71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005
  6. Benek, A., Şenturan, M., Şimşek, Ö., Canlı, K., & Altuner, E. M. 2021. Bazı Karayosunu Türlerinin İn Vitro Antimikrobiyal Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 9(3): 74-81. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.872689
  7. Bouasla, A., & Bouasla, I. 2017. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in northeastern of Algeria. Phytomedicine. 36: 68-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.007
  8. Bozyel, M. E., Canlı, K., Benek, A., Yetgin, A., & Altuner, E. M. 2021. Biochemical composition and in vitro antimicrobial activity of endemic helichrysum arenarium ssp. aucheriethanol extract. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin.
  9. Canlı, K., Yetgin, A., Akata, I., and Altuner, E. M. 2017. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition screening of Anacyclus pyrethrum root. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. 51(3): S244-S248. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.51.3s.22
  10. Canlı, K., Yetgin, A., Benek, A., Bozyel, M. E., & Murat Altuner, E. 2019. In vitro antimicrobial activity screening of ethanol extract of Lavandula stoechas and investigation of its biochemical composition. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3201458
  11. Dadgostar, P. 2019.Antimicrobial resistance: implications and costs. Infection and drug resistance 03-10.
  12. Demir, D. 2010. Kurutma işlemi ve öncesinde uygulanan farklı haşlama tekniklerinin siyah havucun antioksidan etkili bileşikleri üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, 65
  13. Escolà-Vergé, L., Los-Arcos, I., & Almirante, B. 2020. New antibiotics for the treatment of infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. Medicina Clínica (English Edition). 154(9): 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcle.2019.11.005
  14. Espinosa-Acosta, G., Ramos-Jacques, A. L., Molina, G. A., Maya-Cornejo, J., Esparza, R., Hernandez-Martinez, A. R.,. & Estevez, M. 2018. Stability analysis of anthocyanins using alcoholic extracts from black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. Sativus var. Atrorubens Alef.). Molecules. 23(11): 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112744
  15. Faydaoğlu, E., & Sürücüoğlu, M. 2013. Tibbi ve aromatik bitkilerin antimikrobiyal, antioksidan aktiviteleri ve kullanim olanaklari. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology. 6(2): 33-65.
  16. Gayer, M., Legros, D., Formenty, P., & Connolly, M. A. 2007. Conflict and emerging infectious diseases. Emerging infectious diseases. 13(11): 1625. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1311.061093
  17. Inhorn, M. C., & Brown, P. J. 1990. The anthropology of infectious disease. Annual review of Anthropology. 19(1): 89-117. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315078366
  18. Karataş, İ., Elmastaş, M., & Karataş, R. 2014. Siyah havuç (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef) kallus kültüründe antosiyanin üretimine bazı uygulamaların etkisi. Gaziosmanpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Dergisi. (7): 30-41.
  19. Kayiş, U. 2019. Antimikrobiyal Direnç Mekanizmaları. Aydın Sağlık Dergisi. 5(1): 1-12.
  20. Manandhar, S., Luitel, S., & Dahal, R. K. 2019. In vitro antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against human pathogenic bacteria. Journal of tropical medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1895340
  21. Oladeji, O. S., Adelowo, F. E., Oluyori, A. P., & Bankole, D. T. 2020. Ethnobotanical description and biological activities of Senna alata. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2580259
  22. Pereira-Caro, G., Ordóñez-Díaz, J. L., de Santiago, E., Moreno-Ortega, A., Cáceres-Jiménez, S., Sánchez-Parra, M.,. & Moreno-Rojas, J. M. 2021. Antioxidant activity and bio-accessibility of polyphenols in black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) and two derived products during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Foods. 10(2): 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020457
  23. Smeriglio, A., Denaro, M., Barreca, D., D'Angelo, V., Germanò, M. P., & Trombetta, D. 2018. Polyphenolic profile and biological activities of black carrot crude extract (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.). Fitoterapia. 124: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2017.10.006
  24. Tosun, İ., & Karadeniz, B. 2013. Çay ve çay fenoliklerinin antioksidan aktivitesi. Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi. 20(1): 78-83.
  25. Tunca-Pinarli, Y., Benek, A., Turu, D., Bozyel, M. E., Canli, K., & Altuner, E. M. 2023. Biological activities and biochemical composition of endemic achillea fraasii. Microorganisms. 11(4): 978. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11040978
  26. Turu, D., Bozyel, M. E., Candan, K., Yakan, M. A., Benek, A., & Canli, K. 2020. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Pyracantha coccinea fruits ethanol extract. Vitro. 4: 89-93.
  27. Vaou, N., Stavropoulou, E., Voidarou, C., Tsigalou, C., & Bezirtzoglou, E. 2021. Towards advances in medicinal plant antimicrobial activity: A review study on challenges and future perspectives. Microorganisms. 9(10): 2041. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102041
  28. Yetgin, A., Şenturan, M., Benek, A., Efe, E., & Canlı, K. 2017. Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. türünün antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin belirlenmesi. Anatolian Bryology. 3(1): 43-47
  29. Yuled Çakır, A. 2022. Sargassum Vulgare'den elde edilen sekonder metabolitlerin yapılarının aydınlatılması ve sitotoksik, antimikrobiyal etkilerinin belirlenmesi. (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul: Bezmialem Vakıf Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  30. Demir, D. 2010. Kurutma işlemi ve öncesinde uygulanan farklı haşlama tekniklerinin siyah havucun antioksidan etkili bileşikleri üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi, Konya, 65
  31. Espinosa-Acosta, G., Ramos-Jacques, A. L., Molina, G. A., Maya-Cornejo, J., Esparza, R., Hernandez-Martinez, A. R.,. & Estevez, M. 2018. Stability analysis of anthocyanins using alcoholic extracts from black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. Sativus var. Atrorubens Alef.). Molecules. 23(11): 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112744
  32. Pereira-Caro, G., Ordóñez-Díaz, J. L., de Santiago, E., Moreno-Ortega, A., Cáceres-Jiménez, S., Sánchez-Parra, M.,. & Moreno-Rojas, J. M. 2021. Antioxidant activity and bio-accessibility of polyphenols in black carrot (Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) and two derived products during simulated gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation. Foods. 10(2): 457. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020457