SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4

Investigation of the Effect of Different MnCr Amount on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloys

Al-Mg-Si Alaşımlarında Farklı MnCr Miktarının Mekanik ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklere Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Halil Ulupınar(Cuhadaroğlu Metal Sanayi ve Pazarlama A.Ş.)0000-0002-1517-026X
Yiğit Güller(Çuhadaroğlu Metal Sanayi ve Pazarlama A.Ş.)0000-0002-8120-398X
Eren Boyacı(Çuhadaroğlu Metal Sanayi ve Pazarlama A.Ş.)0000-0001-9317-4699
Yahya Bozkurt(Marmara Üniversitesi, Teknoloji Fakültesi, Metalurji ve Malzeme Mühendisliği Bölümü)0000-0003-1816-5922
Pages
935–945
Publication Date
2025-08-04
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Mechanical test results showed that alloys with higher Mn/Cr content have higher yield and tensile strengths and higher hardness values.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, the effects of different Mn and Cr ratios on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys with high and low MnCr content after casting and homogenization processes were investigated.
📊
Key Findings & Data:After homogenization, the density of α-Al(Mn,Cr)Si dispersoids increased and these dispersoids contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Mechanical test results showed that alloys with higher Mn/Cr content have higher yield and tensile strengths and higher hardness values.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Alüminyum · Al-Mg-Si alaşımları · Dispersoidler

Abstract

In this study, the effects of different Mn and Cr ratios on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloys with high and low MnCr content after casting and homogenization processes were investigated. Within the scope of the study, billets with various Mn and Cr ratios were cast and then homogenization heat treatment was applied. Tensile testing, hardness measurement, Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to evaluate the microstructural and mechanical properties of these alloys produced after homogenization. Microstructure analysis showed that higher MnCr content resulted in a more homogeneous and fine-grained structure. After homogenization, the density of α-Al(Mn,Cr)Si dispersoids increased and these dispersoids contributed to the improvement of mechanical properties. Mechanical test results showed that alloys with higher Mn/Cr content have higher yield and tensile strengths and higher hardness values. The obtained results emphasize the importance of Mn and Cr microalloys to optimize the performance of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloys.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, döküm ve homojenizasyon işlemleri sonrasında yüksek ve düşük MnCr içeriğine sahip Al-Mg-Si alaşımlarının farklı Mn ve Cr oranlarının mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikler üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, çeşitli Mn ve Cr oranlarına sahip biyetler dökülmüş ve ardından homojenizasyon ısıl işlemi uygulanmıştır. Homojenizasyon işlemi sonrasında üretilen bu alaşımların mikroyapı ve mekanik özelliklerini değerlendirmek için çekme testi, sertlik ölçümü, Optik Emisyon Spektrometresi ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu analizleri yapılmıştır. Mikroyapı analizlerinde, yüksek MnCr içeriğinin daha homojen ve ince taneli bir yapı sağladığı gözlemlenmiştir. Homojenizasyon işlemi sonrasında, α-Al(Mn,Cr)Si dispersoidlerinin yoğunluğu artmış ve bu dispersoidler mekanik özelliklerin iyileşmesine katkıda bulunmuştur. Mekanik test sonuçları yüksek Mn/Cr içeriğine sahip alaşımların daha yüksek akma ve çekme mukavemeti ile daha yüksek sertlik değerlerine sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar Al-Mg-Si alüminyum alaşımlarının performansını optimize etmek için Mn ve Cr mikroalaşımlarının önemli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Ulupınar, H., Güller, Y., Boyacı, E., Bozkurt, Y. (2025). Investigation of the Effect of Different MnCr Amount on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Al-Mg-Si Alloys. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 4, 935–945. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1543956

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (47)

  1. Qian, X., Parson, N., and Chen, X.-G., 2019. Effects of Mn addition and related Mn-containing dispersoids on the hot deformation behavior of 6082 aluminum alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 764, 138253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.138253
  2. Arriaga-Benitez, R. I., and Pekguleryuz, M., 2023. The synergistic effects of nano-sized α-Al(Mn,Cr,Fe)Si and Al–Si–Zr dispersoids on the creep behavior Al–Si–Mg–Cu (Mn, Cr, Zr) diesel engine alloy. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 872, 144949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.144949
  3. Wang, X., Qin, J., Nagaumi, H., Wu, R., and Li, Q., 2020. The Effect of α‐Al(MnCr)Si Dispersoids on Activation Energy and Workability of Al‐Mg‐Si‐Cu Alloys during Hot Deformation. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2020(1), 1-12 https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/3471410
  4. Ding, L., Jia, Z., Nie, J.-F., Weng, Y., Cao, L., Chen, H., Wu, X., and Liu, Q., 2018. The structural and compositional evolution of precipitates in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy. Acta Materialia, 145, 437–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.12.036
  5. Hu, J., Teng, J., Ji, X., Fu, D., Zhang, W., and Zhang, H., 2017. Enhanced mechanical properties of an Al-Mg-Si alloy by repetitive continuous extrusion forming process and subsequent aging treatment. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 695, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.04.013
  6. Hirasawa, H., 1975. Precipitation process of Al-Mn and Al-Cr supersaturated solid solution in presence of age hardening phases. Scripta Metallurgica, 9(9), 955–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/0036-9748(75)90551-7
  7. Li, Z., Qin, J., Zhang, H., Wang, X., Zhang, B., and Nagaumi, H., 2021. Improved Distribution and Uniformity of α-Al(Mn,Cr)Si Dispersoids in Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn (6xxx) Alloys by Two-Step Homogenization. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 52(8), 3204–3220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06243-3
  8. An, Z., Yang, W., Zhan, H., Hu, B., Wang, Q., Matsumura, S., and Sha, G., 2020. On the strengthening effect of Al-Cr-Si dispersoid in an Al-Si-Mg-Cu casting alloy with Cr addition. Materials Characterization, 166, 110457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2020.110457
  9. Mulazimoglu, M. H., Zaluska, A., Gruzleski, J. E., and Paray, F., 1996. Electron microscope study of Al-Fe-Si intermetallics in 6201 aluminum alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 27(4), 929–936. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02649760
  10. Kuijpers, N.C.W., Vermolen F.J., Vuik, K., and Zwaag, S., 2003. A Model of the β-AlFeSi to α-Al(FeMn)Si Transformation in Al–Mg–Si Alloys. Materials Transactions, 44(7), 1448-1456. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.44.1448
  11. Mrówka-Nowotnik, G., and Sieniawski, J., 2005. Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 6005 and 6082 aluminium alloys. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 162–163, 367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.02.115
  12. Li, J. H., Wimmer, A., Dehm, G., and Schumacher, P., 2014. Intermetallic phase selection during homogenization for AA6082 alloy. Philosophical Magazine, 94(8), 830–846. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2013.868943
  13. Kuijpers, N. C. W., Kool, W. H., Koenis, P. T. G., Nilsen, K. E., Todd, I., and van der Zwaag, S., 2002. Assessment of different techniques for quantification of α-Al(FeMn)Si and β-AlFeSi intermetallics in AA 6xxx alloys. Materials Characterization, 49(5), 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1044-5803(03)00036-6
  14. Zajac, S., Hutchinson, B., Johansson, A., and Gullman, L.-O., 1994. Microstructure control and extrudability of Al–Mg–Si alloys microalloyed with manganese. Materials Science and Technology, 10(4), 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1179/mst.1994.10.4.323
  15. TS EN ISO 6892-1 Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1:2019) https://doi.org/10.3403/30395181
  16. Jeon, J., Lee, S., Kyeong, J., Shin, S., and Kang, H., 2022. Effect of Geometrical Parameters of Microscale Particles on Particle-Stimulated Nucleation and Recrystallization Texture of Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Based Alloy Sheets. Materials, 15(22), 7924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227924
  17. Ling, H., Shi, H., Du, X., Zan, J., and Liu, J., 2022. Effect of chromium content on microstructure and properties of casting Al‐7Si‐0.35Mg‐0.02Sr alloy. Materialwissenschaft Und Werkstofftechnik, 53(10), 1229–1241. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.202200071
  18. Kim, H. Y., Park, T. Y., Han, S. W., and Lee, H. M., 2006. Effects of Mn on the crystal structure of α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si particles in A356 alloys. Journal of Crystal Growth, 291(1), 207–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2006.02.006
  19. Belov, N.A., Eskin, D.G., and Aksenov, A.A., 2005. Multicomponent phase diagrams: Applications for commercial aluminium alloys. Elsevier, 1-95
  20. Wang, L., Makhlouf, M., and Apelian, D., 1995. Aluminium die casting alloys: alloy composition, microstructure, and properties-performance relationships. International Materials Reviews, 40(6), 221–238. https://doi.org/10.1179/095066095790151133
  21. Onurlu, S., 1993. Homojenizasyonun AA 6063 Alüminyum Alaşımının İçyapısı ve Özelliklerine Etkisi, Doktora Tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, Türkiye, 70-75.
  22. Şendeniz, M., 2006. Seçilen bir Al-Mg-Si alaşımının (AlMgSi0.5; etial 60) ısıl işlemlerle özellik değişimlerinin incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi, Türkiye, 80-83.
  23. Wang, D., Zhang, X., Nagaumi, H., Li, X., and Zhang, H., 2020. 3D morphology and growth mechanism of cubic α-Al(FeMnCr)Si intermetallic in an Al-Si cast alloy. Materials Letters, 277, 128384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128384
  24. Lodgaard, L., and Ryum, N., 2000. Precipitation of dispersoids containing Mn and/or Cr in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 283(1–2), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)00734-6
  25. Remøe, M. S., Westermann, I., and Marthinsen, K., 2018. Characterization of the Density and Spatial Distribution of Dispersoids in Al-Mg-Si Alloys. Metals, 9(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9010026
  26. Liu, K., and Chen, X.-G., 2015. Development of Al–Mn–Mg 3004 alloy for applications at elevated temperature via dispersoid strengthening. Materials & Design, 84, 340–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.140
  27. Li, Y. J., and Arnberg, L., 2003. Quantitative study on the precipitation behavior of dispersoids in DC-cast AA3003 alloy during heating and homogenization. Acta Materialia, 51(12), 3415–3428. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6454(03)00160-5
  28. Li, Z., Zhang, Z., and Chen, X.-G., 2017. Microstructure, elevated-temperature mechanical properties and creep resistance of dispersoid-strengthened Al-Mn-Mg 3xxx alloys with varying Mg and Si contents. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 708, 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.10.013
  29. Du, Q., Poole, W. J., Wells, M. A., and Parson, N. C., 2013. Microstructure evolution during homogenization of Al–Mn–Fe–Si alloys: Modeling and experimental results. Acta Materialia, 61(13), 4961–4973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2013.04.050
  30. Wang, M., Guo, Y., Wang, H., and Zhao, S., 2022. Characterization of Refining the Morphology of Al–Fe–Si in A380 Aluminum Alloy due to Ca Addition. Processes, 10(4), 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10040672
  31. Alvarez-Antolin, F., Asensio-Lozano, J., Cofiño-Villar, A., and Gonzalez-Pociño, A., 2020. Analysis of Different Solution Treatments in the Transformation of β-AlFeSi Particles into α-(FeMn)Si and Their Influence on Different Ageing Treatments in Al–Mg–Si Alloys. Metals, 10(5), 620. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10050620
  32. Kumar, S., Grant, P. S., and O’Reilly, K. A. Q., 2016. Evolution of Fe Bearing Intermetallics During DC Casting and Homogenization of an Al-Mg-Si Al Alloy. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 47(6), 3000–3014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3451-5
  33. Gedik, B., 2023. Alüminyum Alaşımlarında Homojenizasyon Isıl İşleminin Malzeme Özelliklerine Etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, Türkiye, 44-45.
  34. Fahri Ozdogru, E., 2023. The Effect of Chemical Composition on EN AW 6XXX Series Aluminum Alloys. Recent Advancements in Aluminum Alloys. 6-12 https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110218
  35. Khani Moghanaki, S., Kazeminezhad, M., and Logé, R., 2017. Effect of concurrent precipitation on the texture evolution during continuous heating of multi directionally forged solution treated Al-Cu-Mg alloy. Materials Characterization, 131, 399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.07.033
  36. Xu, Y., Nagaumi, H., Han, Y., Zhang, G., and Zhai, T., 2017. The Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of a Mn- and Cr-Containing Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy During Hot Compression and Subsequent Heat Treatment. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 48(3), 1355–1365. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3881-0
  37. Nes, E., Ryum, N., and Hunderi, O., 1985. On the Zener drag. Acta Metallurgica, 33(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6160(85)90214-7
  38. Liu, S. D., Yuan, Y. B., Li, C. B., You, J.H., and Zhang, X. M., 2012. Influence of cooling rate after homogenization on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy 7050. Metals and Materials International, 18(4), 679–683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12540-012-4016-9
  39. Qin, J., Nagaumi, H., Yu, C., Liu, F., Li, Y., and Wang, L., 2022. Coarsening behavior of Mg2Si precipitates during post homogenization cooling process in Al-Mg-Si alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 902, 162851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162851
  40. Goik, P., Schiffl, A., & Höppel, H. W. (2023). Formation of Peripheral Coarse Grain in Thin-Walled Al–Mg–Si Extrusion Profiles. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 54(10), 3940–3956. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-07144-3
  41. Guo, Z., Zhao, G., and Chen, X.-G., 2015. Effects of two-step homogenization on precipitation behavior of Al3Zr dispersoids and recrystallization resistance in 7150 aluminum alloy. Materials Characterization, 102, 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2015.02.016
  42. Lai, J., Shi, C., and Chen, X.-G., 2014. Effects of V addition on recrystallization resistance of 7150 aluminum alloy after simulative hot deformation. Materials Characterization, 96, 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2014.07.028
  43. Liu, F., Zhu, X., Qin, J., Zhou, W., Ling, J., Dong, Q., Yu, J., Nagaumi, H., and Zhang, B., 2022. Effect of Mn/Cr ratio on precipitation behaviors of α-Al(FeMnCr)Si dispersoids and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 860, 144269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2022.144269
  44. Strobel, K., Sweet, E., Easton, M., Nie, J. F., & Couper, M. 2010. Dispersoid Phases in 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys. Materials Science Forum, 654–656, 926–929. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.926
  45. Ding, L., Zhang, X., Lu, C., Wang, C., Weng, Y., Dong, Q., Xu, S., Cao, L., & Jia, Z. 2024. Influence of the combined additions Mn, Cr or Ni on the formation of dispersoids and mechanical properties of Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 892, 145962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2023.145962
  46. Guo, Z., & Sha, W. 2002. Quantification of Precipitation Hardening and Evolution of Precipitates. Materials Transactions, 43(6), 1273–1282. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.43.1273
  47. Zhao, Q., Holmedal, B., & Li, Y. 2013. Influence of dispersoids on microstructure evolution and work hardening of aluminium alloys during tension and cold rolling. Philosophical Magazine, 93(22), 2995–3011. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2013.794315