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Journals / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 26 Sayı: 5

Performance of Colemanite and Lead-Added Self-Compacting Alkali-Activated Mortars Depending on Curing Conditions

Kür Koşullarına Bağlı Olarak Kolemanit ve Kurşun Katkılı Kendiliğinden Yerleşen Alkali Aktive Harçların Performansı

Sibel Sağlıyan(Fırat Üniversitesi)0000-0002-4895-9486
Pages
1102–1114
Publication Date
2026-10-06
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results show that appropriate curing temperature and duration significantly improve the mechanical performance of alkali-activated mortars, that lead powder affects mechanical properties to a more limited extent compared to colemanite, and that the combined use of KO and KU provides balanced performance.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, the effect of colemanite (KO) and lead powder (KU) substitution in fly ash (FA)-based self-compacting alkali-activated mortars on fresh and mechanical properties was investigated under different curing temperatures and durations.
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Key Findings & Data:The mortars were prepared by replacing fly ash with 10% by mass KO, 10% KU, and 5% KO + 5% KU, and were activated with 14 M NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ solutions.
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Conclusion & Impact:The results show that appropriate curing temperature and duration significantly improve the mechanical performance of alkali-activated mortars, that lead powder affects mechanical properties to a more limited extent compared to colemanite, and that the combined use of KO and KU provides balanced performance.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kendiliğinden yerleşen harç · Alkali aktivite harç · Kür sıcaklığı

Abstract

In this study, the effect of colemanite (KO) and lead powder (KU) substitution in fly ash (FA)-based self-compacting alkali-activated mortars on fresh and mechanical properties was investigated under different curing temperatures and durations. The mortars were prepared by replacing fly ash with 10% by mass KO, 10% KU, and 5% KO + 5% KU, and were activated with 14 M NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ solutions. The specimens were cured at temperatures of 30, 60, and 90 °C for 4, 8, and 24 hours, respectively. Mini slump-spread tests showed that the colemanite additive reduced flowability, lowering the spread diameter to 24.6 cm, while the lead powder additive yielded a spread value of 26.0 cm, identical to that of the reference mixture. The KO5KU5 mixture exhibited intermediate behavior with a spread diameter of 25.0 cm. Mechanical tests revealed that curing temperature and duration were decisive factors for both flexural and compressive strength. The highest strengths were obtained in specimens from all mixtures cured at 90 °C for 24 hours. Under these conditions, the reference mixture exhibited a flexural strength of 7.16 MPa and a compressive strength of 32.57 MPa, while these values were determined to be 6.21 MPa and 28.17 MPa, respectively, for the KO10 mixture, and 6.94 MPa and 30.47 MPa for the KU10 mixture. The KO5KU5 mixture ranked between the reference and single-additive mixtures in both types of strength. The results show that appropriate curing temperature and duration significantly improve the mechanical performance of alkali-activated mortars, that lead powder affects mechanical properties to a more limited extent compared to colemanite, and that the combined use of KO and KU provides balanced performance.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, uçucu kül (UK) esaslı kendiliğinden yerleşen alkali aktive harçlarda kolemanit (KO) ve kurşun tozu (KU) ikamesinin farklı kür sıcaklığı ve süreleri altında taze ve mekanik özelliklere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Harçlar, uçucu külün yerine kütlece %10 KO, %10 KU ve %5 KO + %5 KU ikame edilerek hazırlanmış, 14 M NaOH ve Na₂SiO₃ çözeltileri ile aktive edilmiştir. Numuneler 30, 60 ve 90 °C sıcaklıklarda 4, 8 ve 24 saat süreyle kürlenmiştir. Mini çökme-yayılma deneyleri, kolemanit katkısının akışkanlığı azaltarak yayılma çapını 24,6 cm'ye düşürdüğünü, kurşun tozu katkısının ise 26,0 cm ile referans karışımla aynı yayılma değerini sağladığını göstermiştir. KO5KU5 karışımı 25,0 cm yayılma çapı ile ara bir davranış sergilemiştir. Mekanik deneyler, kür sıcaklığı ve süresinin hem eğilme hem de basınç dayanımı üzerinde belirleyici olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. En yüksek dayanımlar tüm karışımlarda 90 °C'de 24 saat kür uygulanan numunelerde elde edilmiştir. Bu koşulda referans karışım 7,16 MPa eğilme ve 32,57 MPa basınç dayanımı gösterirken, KO10 karışımında bu değerler sırasıyla 6,21 MPa ve 28,17 MPa, KU10 karışımında ise 6,94 MPa ve 30,47 MPa olarak belirlenmiştir. KO5KU5 karışımı her iki dayanım türünde referans ile tekli katkılı karışımlar arasında yer almıştır. Sonuçlar, uygun kür sıcaklığı ve süresinin alkali aktive harçların mekanik performansını önemli ölçüde artırdığını, kurşun tozunun kolemanite göre mekanik özellikleri daha sınırlı düzeyde etkilediğini ve KO ile KU'nun birlikte kullanımının dengeli bir performans sağladığını göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Sağlıyan, S. (2026). Performance of Colemanite and Lead-Added Self-Compacting Alkali-Activated Mortars Depending on Curing Conditions. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 5, 1102–1114. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1856059

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