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Journals / Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Evaluation of Surface Water Quality Parameters by Multivariate Statistical Analyses in Northern Coastal Line of Gökova Bay (Muğla, Turkey)

Gökova Körfezi Kıyı Hattında (Muğla, Türkiye) Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analizler Kullanılarak Yüzey Suyu Kalite Parametrelerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Nedim Özdemir(MUĞLA SITKI KOÇMAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SU ÜRÜNLERİ FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-7410-6113
Mesut Perktaş0000-0001-5410-919X
Mustafa Döndü0000-0003-1441-539X
Pages
81–91
Publication Date
2022-06-28
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The result of the study indicates that water quality degradation increases due to environmental pollution caused by intense tourism, overuse of coastal lines, maintenance of ships and daily ship trips.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In this study, some physico-chemical parameters of seven selected sampling sites (SSs) along the northern coastal line of Gökova Bay were investigated monthly.
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Key Findings & Data:When the parameters were examined with Spearman's rho correlation, the highest positive correlations were found to be between DO (Dissolved oxygen)‒SO (Saturated oxygen), EC (Electrical conductivity)‒Salt (Salinity), DO‒BOD5 (Biological oxygen demand), SO‒BOD5, TP (Total phosphorus)‒PO4 (Ortho-phosphate), while the highest negative correlations were found to be between WT (Water temperature)‒DO, EC‒NO3 (Nitrate nitrogen), Salt‒NO3, WT‒SO.
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Conclusion & Impact:The result of the study indicates that water quality degradation increases due to environmental pollution caused by intense tourism, overuse of coastal lines, maintenance of ships and daily ship trips.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Gökova Körfezi · Fiziksel-kimyasal Parametreler · Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Analizler

Abstract

In this study, some physico-chemical parameters of seven selected sampling sites (SSs) along the northern coastal line of Gökova Bay were investigated monthly. Then collected data were evaluated through the multivariate statistical analyses. Monthly distribution of water quality parameters was created using box plot across the SSs. When the parameters were examined with Spearman's rho correlation, the highest positive correlations were found to be between DO (Dissolved oxygen)‒SO (Saturated oxygen), EC (Electrical conductivity)‒Salt (Salinity), DO‒BOD5 (Biological oxygen demand), SO‒BOD5, TP (Total phosphorus)‒PO4 (Ortho-phosphate), while the highest negative correlations were found to be between WT (Water temperature)‒DO, EC‒NO3 (Nitrate nitrogen), Salt‒NO3, WT‒SO. When Kruskal Wallis Test was applied to water quality parameters, WT, DO, SO, SUS (Suspended solids), TP, NO2, PO4, NH4, NO3, BOD5 differed significantly in terms of sampling months (p<0.05), while pH, SO, EC, Salt, NO2, NH4, NO3, Chl-a and BOD5 differed significantly in terms of SSs (p<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to better express the relationship between measured surface water parameters and to identify sources that influence variables. PCA analysis was identified as PC 1 =28.7 %, PC 2 =21.03 % and PC 3 =11.04 %. The result of the study indicates that water quality degradation increases due to environmental pollution caused by intense tourism, overuse of coastal lines, maintenance of ships and daily ship trips.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, Gökova Körfezi kuzey kıyı şeridi boyunca seçilen yedi istasyonun bazı fiziko-kimyasal parametreleri aylık olarak incelenmiştir. Daha sonra toplanan veriler çok değişkenli istatistiksel analizlerle değerlendirilmiştir. Su kalitesi parametrelerinin dağılımı box plot kullanılarak aylık ve istasyonlar olacak şekilde dağılım grafikleri oluşturulmuştur. Parametreler Spearman's rho korelasyonu ile incelendiğinde en yüksek pozitif korelasyonlar DO (Çözünmüş oksijen)‒SO (Doymuş oksijen), EC (Elektriksel iletkenlik)‒Salt (Tuzluluk), DO‒BOD5 (Biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı), SO‒BOD5, TP (Toplam fosfor)‒PO4 (Orto-fosfat) arasında iken en yüksek negatif korelasyonlar WT (Su sıcaklığı)‒DO, EC‒NO3 (Nitrat azotu), Salt‒NO3, WT‒SO olarak tespit edilmiştir. Su kalitesi parametrelerine Kruskal Wallis Test uygulandığında örnekleme ayları açısından WT, DO, SO, SUS (askıda katılar), TP, NO2, PO4, NH4, NO3, BOD5 anlamlı farklılık gösterirken (p<0.05) örnekleme noktaları açısından ise pH, SO, EC, Salt, NO2, NH4, NO3, Chl-a ve BOD5 anlamlı farklılık göstermiştir (p<0.05). Ölçülen yüzey suyu parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiyi daha iyi ifade etmek ve değişkenlere etki eden kaynakları belirlemek için Temel Bileşen Analizi (TBA) uygulanmıştır. TBA analizinde PC 1 = %28.7, PC 2 = %21.03 ve PC 3 = %11.04 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucu, yoğun turizm, kıyı hatlarının aşırı kullanımı, gemilerin bakımı ve günübirlik gemi seferlerinin neden olduğu çevre kirliliği nedeniyle su kalitesindeki bozulmanın arttığını göstermiştir.

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Cite This Article

Özdemir, N., Perktaş, M., Döndü, M. (2022). Evaluation of Surface Water Quality Parameters by Multivariate Statistical Analyses in Northern Coastal Line of Gökova Bay (Muğla, Turkey). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 81–91. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.1035712

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