Journals / Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

Quality Properties of Orange Fruit Leather as Affected by Structuring Agents

Yapılandırıcı Ajanların Portakal Pestilinin Kalite Özellikleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Ali Göncü(AYDIN ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9676-1503
Aslı Yıldırım Vardin(ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0001-5898-1209
Yasemin Kuzumoğlu(İtimat Süt İşletmesi)0000-0001-6723-1127
Pages
125–134
Publication Date
2026-07-03
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Sensory assessment revealed that wheat starch and corn starch samples received higher ratings for taste, texture, and overall acceptability, while rice flour samples were less favoured because of their softer texture and diminished structural integrity.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of different structuring agents (corn starch, wheat starch, and rice flour) on the physicochemical, color, mineral, mechanical, and sensory properties of orange fruit leather.
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Key Findings & Data:Significant differences were observed among formulations depending on the type of structural ingredient.
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Conclusion & Impact:Sensory assessment revealed that wheat starch and corn starch samples received higher ratings for taste, texture, and overall acceptability, while rice flour samples were less favoured because of their softer texture and diminished structural integrity.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Portakal pestili · nişasta ikamesi · yapılandırıcı madde

Abstract

The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of different structuring agents (corn starch, wheat starch, and rice flour) on the physicochemical, color, mineral, mechanical, and sensory properties of orange fruit leather. Significant differences were observed among formulations depending on the type of structural ingredient. The thickness ranged from 1.74 mm to 2.07 mm, and the moisture content fluctuated between 18.72% and 20.17%. Water activity levels significantly decreased in samples made with rice flour (0.55), suggesting enhanced water retention. The protein content notably increased in rice flour-enriched samples (2.50%), while pH levels remained consistent (3.29–3.34). Colour analysis showed minimal changes in L*, a*, and b* values, indicating that pigment stability was preserved across the different formulations. The results for mineral composition indicated that rice flour considerably boosted both macro- and micro-mineral levels, especially calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, and zinc. Texture profile analysis indicated that the addition of rice flour significantly diminished hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and chewiness, reflecting a less robust structural network. Tensile analysis demonstrated lower peak load and work of deformation in samples containing rice flour, while the deformation values did not vary. Sensory assessment revealed that wheat starch and corn starch samples received higher ratings for taste, texture, and overall acceptability, while rice flour samples were less favoured because of their softer texture and diminished structural integrity. These results emphasize the significance of starch selection in influencing the final quality of fruit leather products and offer useful insights for the formulation of functional foods.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı yapılandırıcı maddelerin (mısır nişastası, buğday nişastası ve pirinç unu) portakal meyve kurusunun fizikokimyasal, renk, mineral, mekanik ve duyusal özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır. Yapılandırıcı bileşenin türüne bağlı olarak formülasyonlar arasında önemli farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. Kalınlık 1,74 mm ile 2,07 mm arasında değişmiş ve nem içeriği %18,72 ile %20,17 arasında dalgalanmıştır. Pirinç unu ile yapılan örneklerde su aktivitesi seviyeleri önemli ölçüde azalmıştır (0,55), bu da su tutma kapasitesinin arttığını göstermektedir. Protein içeriği pirinç unuyla zenginleştirilmiş örneklerde belirgin şekilde artmıştır (%2,50), pH seviyeleri ise sabit kalmıştır (3,29–3,34). Renk analizi, L*, a* ve b* değerlerinde minimal değişiklikler göstermiş, bu da pigment stabilitesinin farklı formülasyonlarda korunduğunu göstermektedir. Mineral bileşimi sonuçları, pirinç ununun hem makro hem de mikro mineral seviyelerini, özellikle kalsiyum, demir, potasyum, magnezyum, manganez, fosfor ve çinko seviyelerini önemli ölçüde artırdığını göstermiştir. Doku profili analizi, pirinç unu ilavesinin sertliği, kırılganlığı, yapışkanlığı ve çiğnenebilirliği önemli ölçüde azalttığını ve daha az sağlam bir yapısal ağı yansıttığını gösterdi. Çekme analizi, pirinç unu içeren numunelerde daha düşük tepe yükü ve deformasyon işi gösterirken, deformasyon değerlerinde bir değişiklik gözlenmedi. Duyusal değerlendirme, buğday nişastası ve mısır nişastası numunelerinin tat, doku ve genel kabul edilebilirlik açısından daha yüksek puanlar aldığını, pirinç unu numunelerinin ise daha yumuşak dokuları ve azalmış yapısal bütünlükleri nedeniyle daha az beğenildiğini ortaya koydu. Bu sonuçlar, meyve kurusu ürünlerinin nihai kalitesini etkilemede nişasta seçiminin önemini vurgulamakta ve fonksiyonel gıdaların formülasyonu için faydalı bilgiler sunmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Göncü, A., Vardin, A. Y., Kuzumoğlu, Y. (2026). Quality Properties of Orange Fruit Leather as Affected by Structuring Agents. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.1947204

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