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Journals / Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1

DETERMINATION of DISINFECTANT RESISTANCE GENES in CLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES

KLİNİK BAKTERİ İZOLATLARINDA DEZENFEKTAN DİRENÇ GENLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ

Eren Biçer0000-0001-8735-6250
Birgül Özcan(Hatay Mustafa Kemal University)0000-0001-9003-8480
Dilek Gezgin0000-0002-6256-574X
Pages
1–13
Publication Date
2026-07-01
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings revealed that there was no direct correlation between the observed MIC values and the presence or absence of biocide resistance genes in the clinical E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates studied.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:In healthcare settings such as hospitals, bacteria develop resistance to disinfectants, which play a critical role in infection control, through various mechanisms.
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Key Findings & Data:The main objective of this study is to detect the presence of qacA/B, qacC/D, qacE, qacΔE1, qacG, qacH, qacJ, and acrA genes in clinical bacterial isolates and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against two different disinfectants: a quaternary ammonium compound and a biguanide.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings revealed that there was no direct correlation between the observed MIC values and the presence or absence of biocide resistance genes in the clinical E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates studied.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Dezenfektan · Direnç geni · Klinik izolat

Abstract

In healthcare settings such as hospitals, bacteria develop resistance to disinfectants, which play a critical role in infection control, through various mechanisms. The presence and expression of efflux pumps are considered one of the key mechanisms of disinfectant resistance. The main objective of this study is to detect the presence of qacA/B, qacC/D, qacE, qacΔE1, qacG, qacH, qacJ, and acrA genes in clinical bacterial isolates and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against two different disinfectants: a quaternary ammonium compound and a biguanide. The presence of the related genes was screened in a total of 40 clinical isolates using conventional polymerase chain reaction. Disinfectant susceptibility was determined by the agar dilution method. Species-level identification of the isolates was confirmed by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique. As a result of the screening, 6 isolates (15%), confirmed as E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa, were found to possess the qacΔE1 gene. The MIC values for these isolates against benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine gluconate were found to be in the range of 32−256 mg/L and 2−16 mg/L, respectively. The findings revealed that there was no direct correlation between the observed MIC values and the presence or absence of biocide resistance genes in the clinical E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa isolates studied.

Özet

Hastaneler gibi sağlık hizmeti sunulan birimlerde enfeksiyon kontrolünde kritik bir rol oynayan dezenfektanlara karşı bakteriler farklı mekanizmalarla direnç geliştirmektedir. Akış (efflux) pompalarının varlığı ve ifadesi, dezenfektan direncinin temel mekanizmalarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, klinik kökenli bakteri izolatlarında qacA/B, qacC/D, qacE, qacΔE1, qacG, qacH, qacJ ve acrA genlerinin varlığını saptamak ve bir kuaterner amonyum bileşiği ve bir bisguanid olmak üzere iki farklı dezenfektana karşı minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonlarını (MİK) belirlemektir. Toplam 40 adet klinik izolatta, konvansiyonel Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu ile ilgili genlerin varlığı taranmıştır. Dezenfektanlara duyarlılık agar dilüsyon yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. İzolatların tür düzeyinde tanımlanması, matriks destekli lazer desorpsiyon/iyonizasyon uçuş süresi kütle spektrometresi (MALDI-TOF MS) tekniği ile doğrulanmıştır. Yapılan tarama sonucunda, E. coli, K. pneumoniae ve P. aeuruginosa olduğu teyid edilen 6 izolatın (%15) qacΔE1 genine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu izolatları benzalkonyum klorür ve klorheksidin glukonat’a karşı MİK değerleri sırasıyla 32−256 mg/L ve 2−16 mg/L aralığında bulunmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular, çalışılan klinik E. coli, K. pneumoniae ve P. aeruginosa izolatlarında gözlenen MİK değerleri ile biyosit direnç genlerinin varlığı veya yokluğu arasında doğrudan bir korelasyon olmadığını ortaya koymuştur.

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Cite This Article

Biçer, E., Özcan, B., Gezgin, D. (2026). DETERMINATION of DISINFECTANT RESISTANCE GENES in CLINICAL BACTERIAL ISOLATES. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.37094/adyujsci.1793461

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