Journals / Acta Medica Nicomedia / 2025 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Clinical Outcomes of Single and Co-infected Respiratory Viral Infections in Hospitalized Adults After the Pandemic

Pandemi Sonrası Yatan Erişkin Hastalarda Solunum Yolu Virüslerinin Tekli ve Eşzamanlı Enfeksiyonlarına İlişkin Klinik Sonuçlar

Özlem Güler(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0002-7018-7224
Melih Berkay Esgin(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0002-7892-9122
Müge Toygar Deniz(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0002-6946-2727
Birsen Mutlu(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0001-6273-9802
Aynur Karadenizli(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0002-8267-5284
Sila Akhan(KOCAELI UNIVERSITY, SCHOOL OF MEDICINE)0000-0002-2540-2060
Pages
388–395
Publication Date
2025-10-22
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Viral co-infections were uncommon and not associated with an increased risk of ICU admission, whereas comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncological conditions were associated with severe outcomes.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: In the post-pandemic era, SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate alongside other respiratory viruses.
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Key Findings & Data:Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between May 2023 and January 2024 at a tertiary care center.
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Conclusion & Impact:Viral co-infections were uncommon and not associated with an increased risk of ICU admission, whereas comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncological conditions were associated with severe outcomes.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Solunum Yolu Enfeksiyonları · Virüsler · Koenfeksiyon

Abstract

Objective: In the post-pandemic era, SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate alongside other respiratory viruses. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiology of single and co-infections after the pandemic and to assess intensive care unit (ICU) requirements as the main prognostic outcome. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between May 2023 and January 2024 at a tertiary care center. Adult hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms and laboratory-confirmed viral infections were included in the study. The clinical characteristics, viral distribution, and predictors of ICU admission were analyzed. Results: Among 231 patients, SARS-CoV-2 (51.9%), influenza (16.9%), and rhinovirus/enterovirus (12.6%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Viral co-infections were identified in 6.1% of the cases. ICU admission was required in 18.2% of the patients, with no significant difference by virus type or between single and co-infections. In multivariable analysis, diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2.63; 95% CI: 1.03-6.70), chronic kidney disease (aOR: 3.89; 95% CI: 1.41-10.69), congestive heart failure (aOR: 6.12; 95% CI: 2.23-16.77), cerebrovascular accident (aOR: 4.06; 95% CI: 1.22-13.50), and metastatic solid tumors (aOR: 10.27; 95% CI: 2.09-50.39) were independently associated with ICU admission. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 remains the predominant respiratory virus in hospitalized adults in the post-pandemic era. Viral co-infections were uncommon and not associated with an increased risk of ICU admission, whereas comorbidities such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncological conditions were associated with severe outcomes.

Özet

Amaç: Pandemi sonrası dönemde, SARS-CoV-2 diğer solunum virüsleriyle birlikte dolaşmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışma, pandemi sonrası tek ve eşzamanlı enfeksiyonların epidemiyolojisini değerlendirmek ve ana prognostik sonuç olarak yoğun bakım ünitesi (YBÜ) gereksinimlerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Bu retrospektif kohort çalışması, Mayıs 2023 ile Ocak 2024 tarihleri arasında bir üçüncü basamak sağlık merkezinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hastanede yatan solunum semptomları olan ve laboratuvar tarafından doğrulanmış viral enfeksiyonları olan yetişkin hastalar çalışmaya katılmıştır. Klinik özellikler, viral dağılım ve YBÜ yatışının öngörücüleri analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Toplam 231 hastanın %51,9’unda SARS-CoV-2, %16,9’unda influenza ve %12,6’sında rinovirüs/enterovirüs saptanmıştır. Viral ko-enfeksiyonlar olguların %6,1’inde tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların %18,2’sinde YBÜ yatışı gerekmiş olup virüs türüne göre veya tek enfeksiyon ile ko-enfeksiyonlar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Çok değişkenli analizde, diabetes mellitus (aOR: 2,63; %95 CI: 1,03-6,70), kronik böbrek hastalığı (aOR: 3,89; %95 CI: 1,41-10,69), konjestif kalp yetmezliği (aOR: 6,12; %95 CI: 2,23-16,77), serebrovasküler olay (aOR: 4,06; %95 CI: 1,22-13,50) ve metastatik solid tümörler (aOR: 10,27; %95 CI: 2,09-50,39) yoğun bakım ünitesi yatışı ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Pandemi sonrası dönemde hastanede yatan yetişkinlerde SARS-CoV-2 baskın solunum virüsü olmaya devam etmektedir. Viral ko-enfeksiyonlar nadirdir ve YBÜ yatış riskinin artmasıyla ilişkili değildir; ancak kardiyovasküler, metabolik ve onkolojik komorbiditeler ciddi klinik sonuçlarla bağımsız olarak ilişkilidir.

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Cite This Article

Güler, Ö., Esgin, M. B., Deniz, M. T., Mutlu, B., Karadenizli, A., Akhan, S. (2025). Clinical Outcomes of Single and Co-infected Respiratory Viral Infections in Hospitalized Adults After the Pandemic. Acta Medica Nicomedia, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 388–395. https://doi.org/10.53446/actamednicomedia.1779267

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