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Journals / Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 29 Sayı: 4

Impact of inorganic fertilizer and Rhizobium inoculation on nodulation, underground, and aboveground traits of wild chickpea

İnorganik gübre ve Rhizobium aşılamasının yabani nohutta nodülasyon, toprak altı ve toprak üstü özellikler üzerine etkisi

Fatma Başdemir(HARRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-1086-5628
Murat Tunç(HARRAN UNIVERSITY)0009-0008-8406-4824
Sibel İpekeşen(DICLE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-7141-5911
Behiye Bicer(DICLE UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-8357-8470
Pages
716–728
Publication Date
2025-12-17
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Rhizobium inoculation consistently promoted nodule formation, biomass accumulation, and overall growth in C. reticulatum, with the highest values recorded for nodule fresh (1.66 g) and dry (0.34 g) weights, number of nodules (144.33), plant height (32.67 cm), fresh total biomass (20.65 g), fresh stem (7.70 g) and root (3.64 g) weights, number of leaves (122.33), and total dry weight (4.01 g).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Wild Cicer species represent an important genetic resource, but their symbiotic efficiency with Rhizobium under different nutrient regimes has rarely been studied.
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Key Findings & Data:Whereas, these nutrient regimes are needed to contribute to the more effective use of these species in agricultural production by playing a decisive role in nodule formation and yield increase.
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Conclusion & Impact:Rhizobium inoculation consistently promoted nodule formation, biomass accumulation, and overall growth in C. reticulatum, with the highest values recorded for nodule fresh (1.66 g) and dry (0.34 g) weights, number of nodules (144.33), plant height (32.67 cm), fresh total biomass (20.65 g), fresh stem (7.70 g) and root (3.64 g) weights, number of leaves (122.33), and total dry weight (4.01 g).
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2019 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Cicer arietinum · Nodul oluşumu · Fosfor

Abstract

Wild Cicer species represent an important genetic resource, but their symbiotic efficiency with Rhizobium under different nutrient regimes has rarely been studied. Whereas, these nutrient regimes are needed to contribute to the more effective use of these species in agricultural production by playing a decisive role in nodule formation and yield increase. Therefore, this study was needed to fill this gap and to provide findings for reducing chemical fertilizer dependency through sustainable chickpea production. This field study investigated the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and various inorganic fertilizers, i.e., diammonium phosphate (DAP 18-46 %), urea (46 %), and triple superphosphate (TSP 44 %) on nodule formation and growth parameters of two wild Cicer accessions, Cicer reticulatum and C. echinospermum. The experiment was conducted in Diyarbakır, southeastern Türkiye during spring season of 2019. Results revealed significant species × treatment interactions across numerous parameters. Rhizobium inoculation consistently promoted nodule formation, biomass accumulation, and overall growth in C. reticulatum, with the highest values recorded for nodule fresh (1.66 g) and dry (0.34 g) weights, number of nodules (144.33), plant height (32.67 cm), fresh total biomass (20.65 g), fresh stem (7.70 g) and root (3.64 g) weights, number of leaves (122.33), and total dry weight (4.01 g). Conversely, C. echinospermum exhibited more nuanced responses; while urea increased its nodule number, DAP treatment consistently led to reduced nodulation, biomass, and overall growth in this species. Cicer echinospermum performed best under control conditions for total dry weight, suggesting potential sensitivities to particularly to nitrogen-based fertilizers such as urea and ammonium nitrate, as well as phosphorus fertilizers including diammonium phosphate. These findings underscore the species-specific requirements of wild Cicer accessions for optimal nodulation and growth. Cicer reticulatum benefited from Rhizobium symbiosis, aligning with sustainable agricultural practices that leverage biological nitrogen fixation. In contrast, C. echinospermum appears sensitive to conventional inorganic fertilizer, i.e., DAP.

Özet

Yabani Cicer türleri önemli bir genetik kaynağı temsil etmektedir, ancak bunların farklı besin rejimleri altında Rhizobium ile simbiyotik etkinlikleri nadiren incelenmiştir. Oysa ki nodül oluşumu ve verim artışı üzerinde belirleyici rol oynayarak bu türlerin tarımsal üretimde daha etkin kullanılmasına katkı sağlamak amacıyla bu besin rejimlerinin kullanılmasına ihtiyaç vardır. Bu nedenle, bu boşluğu doldurmak ve sürdürülebilir nohut üretimi yoluyla kimyasal gübre bağımlılığının azaltılmasına yönelik bulgular sağlamak için bu çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardı. Bu tarla çalışması, Cicer reticulatum ve Cicer echinospermum türlerindeki iki yabani nohut genotipinin nodül oluşumu ve büyüme parametreleri üzerindeki Rhizobium aşılamasının ve çeşitli inorganik gübrelerin (diamonyum fosfat (DAP % 18-46), üre (% 46) ve fosfor (TSP % 44)) etkilerini araştırmıştır. 2019 yılı ilkbahar sezonunda Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda, Diyarbakır’da, tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Sonuçlar, incelenen birçok parametrede tür × uygulama etkileşimlerinin önemli olduğunu göstermiştir. Rhizobium aşılaması ile C. reticulatum genotipinde daha iyi nodül oluşumunu, biyokütle birikimini ve genel büyümeyi teşvik etmiş ve en yüksek nodül yaş (1.66 g) ve kuru (0.34 g) ağırlıkları, nodül sayısı (144.33), bitki boyu (32.67 cm), toplam yaş biyokütle (20.65 g), yaş gövde (7.70 g) ve kök ağırlıkları (3.64 g), yaprak sayısı (122.33) ve toplam kuru ağırlık (4.01 g) değerleri bu genotipte kaydedilmiştir. Diğer taraftan, C. echinospermum daha karmaşık tepkiler sergilemiştir. Üre uygulaması nodül sayısını artırırken, DAP uygulaması bu genotipte sürekli olarak nodülasyonda, biyokütlede ve genel büyümede azalmaya yol açmıştır. Cicer echinospermum toplam kuru ağırlık için en iyi performansı kontrol koşulları altında göstermiştir. Bu durum, genotipin bazı inorganik gübrelere karşı potansiyel bir duyarlılığa sahip olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Bu bulgular, yabani Cicer genotiplerinin optimum nodülasyon ve büyüme için türe özgü gereksinimlere sahip olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Cicer reticulatum, biyolojik azot fiksasyonundan yararlanan sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarıyla uyumlu olarak, Rhizobium simbiyozundan büyük fayda sağlamaktadır. Aksine, C. echinospermum, özellikle DAP gübresi olmak üzere, geleneksel inorganik gübre uygulamalarına karşı hassas görünmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Başdemir, F., Tunç, M., İpekeşen, S., Bicer, B. (2025). Impact of inorganic fertilizer and Rhizobium inoculation on nodulation, underground, and aboveground traits of wild chickpea. Harran Tarım ve Gıda Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 4, 716–728. https://doi.org/10.29050/harranziraat.1762650

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