Journals / Hitit Medical Journal / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Comparative Analysis of Throat Culture and Rapid Antigen Detection Test in Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections

A Grubu Beta-Hemolitik Streptokok Enfeksiyonlarında Boğaz Kültürü ve Hızlı Antijen Testinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi

Ayşe Hümeyra Taşkın Kafa(SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-7282-4928
Kübra Fırtına Topcu(SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL TIP BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-3260-5309
Pages
305–312
Publication Date
2026-06-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: Although the Strep A rapid antigen test is a reliable preliminary diagnostic method due to its high specificity, negative results should be confirmed by throat culture, particularly in pediatric patients and in cases with high clinical suspicion, because of its limited sensitivity.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Group A Streptococci (GAS) stand out as an important bacterial pathogen, particularly in childhood.
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Key Findings & Data:Accurate and rapid diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis is of great importance in preventing unnecessary antibiotic use and reducing serious complications such as rheumatic fever.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: Although the Strep A rapid antigen test is a reliable preliminary diagnostic method due to its high specificity, negative results should be confirmed by throat culture, particularly in pediatric patients and in cases with high clinical suspicion, because of its limited sensitivity.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Farenjit · Grup A Streptokok · Hızlı Antijen Testi

Abstract

Objective: Group A Streptococci (GAS) stand out as an important bacterial pathogen, particularly in childhood. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of GAS pharyngitis is of great importance in preventing unnecessary antibiotic use and reducing serious complications such as rheumatic fever. This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between throat culture and the Strep A rapid antigen test (RAT) and to determine the diagnostic performance of the test in the Microbiology Laboratory of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital Materials and Methods: Data from 877 patients for whom throat culture and RAT were performed together between January 2020 and September 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Throat culture was accepted as the gold standard method. Samples were inoculated onto 5% sheep blood agar and incubated, and suspicious colonies were identified using MALDI-TOF MS. Rapid antigen tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Statistical analysis was carried out using IBM SPSS version 23.0, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the patients, 43.4% were female and 56.6% were male; 82.7% of the cases were in the 0–18 age group, and the mean age was 11.49 years. GAS culture positivity rates between 2020 and 2025 were determined as 10.1%, 2.3%, 2.7%, 11.2%, 16.0, and 33.3%, respectively. The sensitivity of the rapid antigen test compared to culture was 54.7%, specificity 98.4%, positive predictive value 75.9%, negative predictive value 95.9%, and accuracy 94.6%. Culture positivity was observed predominantly in the pediatric age group and during the winter season. Conclusion: Although the Strep A rapid antigen test is a reliable preliminary diagnostic method due to its high specificity, negative results should be confirmed by throat culture, particularly in pediatric patients and in cases with high clinical suspicion, because of its limited sensitivity.

Özet

Amaç: Grup A Streptokoklar (GAS) özellikle çocukluk çağında önemli bir bakteriyel etken olarak öne çıkmaktadır. GAS farenjitinin doğru ve hızlı tanısı, gereksiz antibiyotik kullanımının önlenmesi ve romatizmal ateş gibi ciddi komplikasyonların azaltılması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hastanesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarında boğaz kültürü ile Strep A hızlı antijen testinin (HAT) sonuçları arasındaki uyumun değerlendirilmesi ve testin tanısal performansının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Ocak 2020–Eylül 2025 tarihleri arasında boğaz kültürü ve HAT birlikte çalışılan 877 hastaya ait veriler retrospektif olarak incelendi. Boğaz kültürü altın standart yöntem olarak kabul edildi. Örnekler %5 koyun kanlı agara ekilerek inkübe edildi ve şüpheli koloniler MALDI-TOF MS ile tanımlandı. Hızlı antijen testleri üretici firma talimatlarına uygun şekilde çalışıldı. Verilerin istatistiksel analizi IBM SPSS 23.0 programı kullanılarak yapıldı ve p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların %43.4’ü kadın. %56.6’sı erkekti; olguların %82.7’si 0–18 yaş grubundaydı ve ortalama yaş 11.49 olarak belirlendi. GAS kültür pozitiflik oranları 2020–2025 yılları arasında sırasıyla %10.1. %2.3. %2.7. %11.2. %16.0 ve %33.3 olarak saptandı. Hızlı antijen testinin kültüre göre duyarlılığı %54.7. özgüllüğü %98.4. pozitif prediktif değeri %75.9. negatif prediktif değeri %95.9 ve doğruluğu %94.6 olarak hesaplandı. Kültür pozitifliğinin büyük oranda pediatrik yaş grubunda ve kış aylarında yoğunlaştığı görüldü. Sonuç: Strep A hızlı antijen testi yüksek özgüllüğü ile güvenilir bir ön tanı yöntemi olmakla birlikte, duyarlılığının sınırlı olması nedeniyle özellikle çocuk hastalarda ve klinik şüphenin yüksek olduğu durumlarda negatif sonuçların boğaz kültürü ile doğrulanması gerekmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Kafa, A. H. T., Topcu, K. F. (2026). Comparative Analysis of Throat Culture and Rapid Antigen Detection Test in Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococcal Infections. Hitit Medical Journal, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 305–312. https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1852122

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