Journals / Hitit Medical Journal / 2026 / Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Comparison of Existing Scoring Systems in Patients with Acute Appendicitis and Evaluation of the Diagnostic Reliability of a Newly Developed Scoring System: The MBALA Score

Akut Apandisitli Hastalarda Mevcut Skorlama Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırılması ve Yeni Geliştirilen Bir Skorlama Sisteminin Tanısal Güvenilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: MBALA Skoru

Mesut Bala(Ankara Sincan Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery)0000-0001-8999-6892
İbrahim Tayfun Şahiner(Medical Point Hospital, Department of General Surgery)0000-0002-3921-7675
Murat Kendirci(HİTİT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-6594-3777
Mehmet Berksun Tutan(Alaca State Hospital, Department of General Surgery)0000-0003-1834-7355
Murathan Erkent(BAŞKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0002-3592-5092
Murat Bulut Özkan(Güven Hospital, Department of General Surgery,)0000-0003-4683-3772
Murat Baki Yıldırım(Medical Park Hospital, Department of General Surgery)0000-0001-9176-1160
Pages
547–558
Publication Date
2026-10-14
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Diagnostic performance was evaluated against histopathological findings using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Acute appendicitis remains one of the most common causes of acute abdomen in emergency surgical practice.
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Key Findings & Data:Although numerous clinical scoring systems have been developed to aid its diagnosis, none has demonstrated universally satisfactory performance.
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Conclusion & Impact:Diagnostic performance was evaluated against histopathological findings using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2017 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Akut apandisit · Alvarado skoru · C-reaktif protein

Abstract

Objective: Acute appendicitis remains one of the most common causes of acute abdomen in emergency surgical practice. Although numerous clinical scoring systems have been developed to aid its diagnosis, none has demonstrated universally satisfactory performance. The aim of this study was to develop a novel scoring system - the MBALA score - and to compare its diagnostic performance with the established Alvarado, Ohmann, and Eskelinen scoring systems. Material and Methods: This prospective study included 306 patients who underwent appendectomy between December 2017 and December 2018. The Alvarado, Ohmann, and Eskelinen scores were applied to all patients. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to identify candidate variables and determine optimal cut-off values for the MBALA scoring system, which incorporates nausea/vomiting, fever, age, leukocyte count, anorexia, gender, C-reactive protein (CRP), and right lower quadrant guarding. Diagnostic performance was evaluated against histopathological findings using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy. Results: Histopathological examination confirmed acute appendicitis in 266 patients (86.9%). At a cut-off value of 14, the MBALA score yielded a sensitivity of 75.1%, specificity of 70.0%, PPV of 94.3%, NPV of 29.8%, and overall accuracy of 74.5% (AUC=0.792; 95% CI: 0.717–0.867; p<0.001). These values exceeded those of the Alvarado (72.6%, 55.0%, 91.5%, 23.2%, 70.3%), Ohmann (28.9%, 82.5%, 91.7%, 14.9%, 35.9%), and Eskelinen (58.3%, 57.5%, 90.1%, 17.2%, 58.2%) scoring systems. Conclusion: The MBALA scoring system demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared with the three established scoring systems. Incorporating readily available clinical and laboratory parameters, it may serve as a practical and reliable adjunct in the diagnostic evaluation of suspected acute appendicitis. Multicenter validation studies with larger populations are warranted.

Özet

Amaç: Akut apandisit, acil cerrahi pratikte en sık karşılaşılan akut karın nedenlerinden biri olmaya devam etmektedir. Tanıya yardımcı olmak amacıyla çok sayıda klinik skorlama sistemi geliştirilmiş olsa da hiçbiri evrensel düzeyde tatmin edici bir performans sergileyememiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yeni bir skorlama sistemi olan MBALA skorunu geliştirmek ve tanısal performansını Alvarado, Ohmann ve Eskelinen skorlama sistemleriyle karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Aralık 2017 – Aralık 2018 tarihleri arasında apendektomi uygulanan 306 hasta prospektif olarak incelendi. Tüm hastalara Alvarado, Ohmann ve Eskelinen skorları uygulandı. Aday değişkenlerin belirlenmesi ve MBALA skorlama sistemine ait optimal eşik değerlerinin saptanması amacıyla binary lojistik regresyon ve ROC eğrisi analizleri kullanıldı. Bulantı/kusma, ateş, yaş, lökosit sayısı, iştahsızlık, cinsiyet, C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve sağ alt kadran defansından oluşan MBALA skorunun tanısal performansı; histopatolojik bulgular referans alınarak duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif prediktif değer (PPD), negatif prediktif değer (NPD) ve genel doğruluk açısından değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Histopatolojik inceleme, 266 hastada (%86,9) akut apandisiti doğruladı. MBALA skoru 14 eşik değerinde; duyarlılık %75,1, özgüllük %70,0, PPD %94,3, NPD %29,8 ve genel doğruluk %74,5 olarak saptandı (EAA= 0,792; %95 GA: 0,717–0,867; p<0,001). Bu değerler; Alvarado (%72,6, %55,0, %91,5, %23,2, %70,3), Ohmann (%28,9, %82,5, %91,7, %14,9, %35,9) ve Eskelinen (%58,3, %57,5, %90,1, %17,2, %58,2) skorlama sistemlerinin değerlerinin üzerindeydi. Sonuç: MBALA skorlama sistemi, üç köklü skorlama sistemiyle kıyaslandığında üstün tanısal performans sergilemiştir. Kolaylıkla ulaşılabilen klinik ve laboratuvar parametrelerini bünyesinde barındıran MBALA skoru, şüpheli akut apandisit olgularının tanısal değerlendirmesinde pratik ve güvenilir bir yardımcı araç olarak kullanılabilir. Genellenebilirliğinin ve klinik etkinliğinin doğrulanması için daha geniş ve çeşitli popülasyonları kapsayan çok merkezli çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Bala, M., Şahiner, İ. T., Kendirci, M., Tutan, M. B., Erkent, M., Özkan, M. B., Yıldırım, M. B. (2026). Comparison of Existing Scoring Systems in Patients with Acute Appendicitis and Evaluation of the Diagnostic Reliability of a Newly Developed Scoring System: The MBALA Score. Hitit Medical Journal, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 547–558. https://doi.org/10.52827/hititmedj.1931933

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