Journals / Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens

EBUS-TBİA Materyallerinde Yalancı Negatifliğe Etki Eden Klinik ve Sitopatolojik Faktörler

Nesrin Gürçay(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0002-6067-7342
Funda Demirağ(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0003-4790-8369
Müzeyyen Burcu Kaplan Yılmaz(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0001-9574-7382
Çiğdem Yildirim Mayda(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0001-8142-5200
Ayşegül Türkan(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0009-0009-3202-7367
Leyla Nesrin Acar(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0009-0001-8920-7416
Ayperi Öztürk(UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ANKARA ATATÜRK HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER FOR PULMONOLOGY AND THORACIC SURGERY)0000-0003-0692-4784
Pages
67–74
Publication Date
2026-08-31
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Sampling error and low tumor burden may contribute to false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:OBJECTIVE: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is widely used for mediastinal staging in lung cancer patients; however, false-negative results may still occur despite its high diagnostic accuracy.
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Key Findings & Data:Lymph node stations 4, 7, 10, 11, and 12 were sampled according to radiological findings and accessibility.
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Conclusion & Impact:Sampling error and low tumor burden may contribute to false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:EBUS-TBNA · yalancı negatif sonuçlar · akciğer kanseri

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is widely used for mediastinal staging in lung cancer patients; however, false-negative results may still occur despite its high diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and cytopathological factors associated with false-negative EBUS-TBNA results. MATERIALS and METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal or hilar lymph node evaluation and subsequently underwent surgical resection. Lymph node stations 4, 7, 10, 11, and 12 were sampled according to radiological findings and accessibility. Cytopathological specimens were classified according to background characteristics as lymphocyte-rich, hemorrhagic/fibrinous, or low-cellularity. EBUS-TBNA results were categorized as reactive, metastatic, or nondiagnostic/suspicious. False-negative cases were defined as patients with reactive EBUS-TBNA findings but metastatic lymph node involvement detected in surgical specimens. Clinical, radiological, and cytopathological parameters were compared between false-negative and non-false-negative (i.e., all remaining, non-metastatic-miss) groups. RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. False-negative EBUS-TBNA results were identified in 30 patients (15%). Cytopathological background characteristics were significantly associated with false-negative results (p<0.001). False-negative cases were significantly associated with lymphocyte-rich cytological background patterns. No significant associations were observed between false-negative results and histological subtype, lymph node group, tumor size, or SUVmax values (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cytopathological background characteristics may affect the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA. Lymphocyte-rich or reactive-appearing specimens should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in patients with persistent radiological suspicion for nodal metastasis. Sampling error and low tumor burden may contribute to false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.

Özet

AMAÇ: Endobronşiyal ultrasonografi eşliğinde transbronşiyal iğne aspirasyonu (EBUS-TBNA), akciğer kanserli hastalarda mediastinal evrelemede yaygın olarak kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Ancak yüksek tanısal doğruluğuna rağmen yanlış negatif sonuçlar görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yanlış negatif EBUS-TBNA sonuçları ile ilişkili klinik ve sitopatolojik faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya mediastinal veya hiler lenf nodu değerlendirmesi amacıyla EBUS-TBNA uygulanan ve sonrasında cerrahi rezeksiyon yapılan hastalar dahil edildi. Lenf nodu istasyonları 4, 7, 10, 11 ve 12, radyolojik bulgular ve erişilebilirlik durumuna göre örneklendi. Sitopatolojik örnekler, zemin özelliklerine göre lenfositten zengin, hemorajik/fibrinöz veya düşük hücreli olarak sınıflandırıldı. EBUS-TBNA sonuçları reaktif, metastatik veya tanısal olmayan/şüpheli olarak değerlendirildi. Yanlış negatif olgular; EBUS-TBNA sitopatolojik değerlendirmesinde reaktif bulgu saptanmasına karşın, cerrahi rezeksiyon materyalinin histopatolojik incelemesinde metastatik lenf nodu tutulumu gösterilen hastalar olarak tanımlandı. Klinik, radyolojik ve sitopatolojik parametreler yanlış negatif ve yanlış negatif olmayan (yani reaktif olup metastaz saptanmayan, metastatik veya tanısal olmayan/şüpheli sonuçların tümünü kapsayan) gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. BULGULAR: Çalışmaya toplam 200 hasta dahil edildi. Otuz hastada (%15) yanlış negatif EBUS-TBNA sonucu saptandı. Sitopatolojik zemin özellikleri ile yanlış negatif sonuçlar arasında anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0,001). Yanlış negatif olguların tamamında lenfositten zengin sitolojik zemin mevcuttu. Histolojik alt tip, lenf nodu grubu, tümör boyutu ve SUVmaks değerleri ile yanlış negatif sonuçlar arasında anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). SONUÇ: Sitopatolojik zemin özellikleri EBUS-TBNA’nın tanısal doğruluğunu etkileyebilir. Özellikle radyolojik olarak nodal metastaz şüphesinin devam ettiği hastalarda, lenfositten zengin veya reaktif görünümlü örnekler dikkatle yorumlanmalıdır. Örnekleme hatası ve düşük tümör yükü, yanlış negatif EBUS-TBNA sonuçlarına neden olabilir.

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Cite This Article

Gürçay, N., Demirağ, F., Yılmaz, M. B. K., Mayda, Ç. Y., Türkan, A., Acar, L. N., Öztürk, A. (2026). Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 67–74. https://ajindex.com/articles/1343624

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