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Journals / SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

COMPARISON OF ALPHA FREQUENCY BAND POWER IN ACTIVE AMATEUR BOXERS AND SEDENTARY INDIVIDUALS USING EEG TECHNOLOGY

EEG TEKNOLOJİSİ KULLANILARAK AKTİF AMATÖR BOKSÖRLERİN ALFA FREKANSI BANT GÜCÜNÜN SEDANTER BİREYLERLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Muhammed Sıddık Çemç(BOĞAZİÇİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, REKTÖRLÜK, BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0001-5442-0869
Onur Erdem Korkmaz(ATATÜRK ÜNİVERSİTESİ, MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ, ELEKTRİK-ELEKTRONİK MÜHENDİSLİĞİ BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0001-6336-6147
Pages
18–29
Publication Date
2025-03-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This finding highlights the importance of further research to explore the neurophysiological effects of boxing and the potential role of protective measures in minimizing health risks.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Chronic traumatic brain injury has been a major concern in combat sports, particularly boxing, due to the reoccurring impacts to the head that might result in lasting neurological effects.
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Key Findings & Data:Participants included 7 male amateur boxers whose average age was 19.57 ± 2.63 and who had been actively boxing for 7.57 ± 3.55 years, and 9 healthy males whose average age was 19.88 ± 0.92 and who had not participated in any combat sports.
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Conclusion & Impact:This finding highlights the importance of further research to explore the neurophysiological effects of boxing and the potential role of protective measures in minimizing health risks.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Boks · Elektrofizyoloji · Travmatik Beyin Hasarı

Abstract

Chronic traumatic brain injury has been a major concern in combat sports, particularly boxing, due to the reoccurring impacts to the head that might result in lasting neurological effects. This research was conducted to address the lack of sufficient research on the resting-state alpha frequency band power in active amateur boxers, which may provide insights into early signs of brain injury. Participants included 7 male amateur boxers whose average age was 19.57 ± 2.63 and who had been actively boxing for 7.57 ± 3.55 years, and 9 healthy males whose average age was 19.88 ± 0.92 and who had not participated in any combat sports. EEG recordings were obtained according to the international 10-20 system for 3 minutes with eyes open and 3 minutes with eyes closed. The raw EEG data were inspected and cleaned to remove artifacts. Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters were applied to eliminate unwanted frequencies during frequency analysis. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was utilized to convert EEG signals from the time domain to the frequency domain and to calculate alpha band power (µV²). The data obtained were analyzed using the Analyzer2 software. Mann-Whitney U test was utilized to measure the dissimilarities between the two groups. When examining the alpha frequency band power values of participants at rest with eyes open and eyes closed, there were not any statistically significant dissimilarities in the frontopolar region (Fp1, Fp2), frontal region (F3, F4), central region (C3, Cz, C4), parietal region (P3, Pz, P4), and occipital region (O1, Oz, O2) in terms of microvolts squared (µV²) of the groups. However, boxers had partially lower alpha frequency band power values in all analyzed channels. This finding may be related to the specific sport practiced. Although no significant dissimilarities were noted in alpha frequency band power values between the two groups, the lower values observed in boxers across all channels may be linked to the repetitive head impacts inherent in the sport. This finding highlights the importance of further research to explore the neurophysiological effects of boxing and the potential role of protective measures in minimizing health risks.

Özet

Kronik travmatik beyin hasarı, özellikle boks gibi dövüş sporlarında, baş bölgesine alınan tekrarlayan darbelerin uzun vadeli nörolojik etkiler yaratabilmesi nedeniyle önemli bir endişe kaynağı olmuştur. Bu çalışma, aktif amatör boksörlerde dinlenik durumdaki alfa frekansı bant gücüne ilişkin araştırma eksikliğini gidermek ve beyin hasarının erken belirtilerine ışık tutmak amacıyla icra edilmiştir. Katılımcılar en az lise düzeyinde eğitim almış sağ el tercihli; 19.57 ± 2.63 yaş ortalaması olan 7.57 ± 3.55 yıldır aktif boks yapan 7 erkek amatör boksör ve 19.88 ± 0.92 yaş ortalamasına sahip herhangi bir dövüş sporu yapmamış 9 sağlıklı erkekten oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında EEG kaydı uluslararası 10-20 sistemine uygun, 3 dk göz açık ve 3 dk göz kapalı olacak şekilde alınmıştır. Ham veriler, artefaktları gidermek amacıyla incelenmiş ve temizlenmiştir. Frekans analizlerinde, istenmeyen frekansların elimine edilmesi için Finite Impulse Response (FIR) ve Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filtreleri kullanılmıştır. EEG sinyallerinin zaman alanından frekans alanına dönüştürülmesi ve alfa bant güçlerinin (µV²) hesaplanması için Hızlı Fourier Dönüşümü (FFT) yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Analyzer2 yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin gruplar arasındaki farkını değerlendirmek için Mann-Whitney U testi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların dinlenik durumda göz açık ve göz kapalı alfa frekansı bant gücü değerleri incelendiğinde her iki grup arasında frontopolar bölgede Fp1, Fp2; frontal bölgede F3, F4; santral bölgede C3, Cz, C4; parietal bölgede P3, Pz, P4; oksipital bölgede O1, Oz, O2 kanallarında mikrovolt kare (µV²) cinsinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir. Fakat boksörlerin analiz edilen tüm kanallarda kısmen daha düşük alfa frekansı bant gücü değerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumun icra edilen spor branşı ile ilişkili olabileceği fikri doğmaktadır. İki grup arasında alfa frekansı bant gücü değerlerinde anlamlı bir fark bulunmamasına rağmen, boksörlerde tüm kanallarda gözlemlenen daha düşük değerler, bu sporun doğasında bulunan tekrarlayan kafa darbeleri ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu bulgu, boksun nörofizyolojik etkilerini ve koruyucu önlemlerin sağlık risklerini azaltmadaki potansiyel rolünü araştırmak için daha fazla çalışmanın önemini vurgulamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Çemç, M. S., Korkmaz, O. E. (2025). COMPARISON OF ALPHA FREQUENCY BAND POWER IN ACTIVE AMATEUR BOXERS AND SEDENTARY INDIVIDUALS USING EEG TECHNOLOGY. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 18–29. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1477527

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