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Journals / Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi / 2025 / Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Factors Related to Insufficient Endometrial Sampling in Postmenopausal Patients

Postmenopozal Hastalarda Yetersiz Endometrial Örnekleme ile İlişkili Faktörler

Eda Güner Özen(İzmir Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0003-1102-9741
Begüm Köse(İzmir Şehir Hastanesi)0009-0006-1851-8133
Meryem Hocaoğlu(Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0002-1832-9993
Yaşam Kemal Akpak(İzmir Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0002-1699-8667
Abdulkadir Turgut(Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0002-3156-2116
Pages
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Publication Date
2025-12-29
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In conclusion, older age, prolonged menopause, thin endometrium, and intrauterine fluid increase the risk of inadequate endometrial sampling in postmenopausal women.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Endometrial sampling is crucial for evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women, yet sample adequacy can be compromised by factors such as endometrial atrophy and cervical stenosis, potentially delaying the diagnosis of serious conditions.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 500 postmenopausal women who underwent endometrial sampling at a tertiary hospital in Istanbul between January 2017 and March 2022 were included.
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Conclusion & Impact:In conclusion, older age, prolonged menopause, thin endometrium, and intrauterine fluid increase the risk of inadequate endometrial sampling in postmenopausal women.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2017 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Biopsy · Endometrial Neoplasms · Endometrial Thickness

Abstract

Endometrial sampling is crucial for evaluating abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal women, yet sample adequacy can be compromised by factors such as endometrial atrophy and cervical stenosis, potentially delaying the diagnosis of serious conditions. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine clinical and sonographic factors associated with inadequate endometrial sampling and to evaluate the effect of misoprostol on sample adequacy in postmenopausal women. A total of 500 postmenopausal women who underwent endometrial sampling at a tertiary hospital in Istanbul between January 2017 and March 2022 were included. Data on age, menopause duration, clinical indications, transvaginal ultrasonographic findings, misoprostol use, and histopathology results were analyzed. Samples were classified as adequate or inadequate. Adequate samples were obtained in 65.4% of cases. Inadequate sampling was significantly associated with older age, longer duration of menopause, thinner endometrial thickness, and the presence of intrauterine fluid (p<0.05 for all). Misoprostol use was linked to improved sample adequacy (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were found regarding sampling device, anesthesia type, or cervical dilation. In conclusion, older age, prolonged menopause, thin endometrium, and intrauterine fluid increase the risk of inadequate endometrial sampling in postmenopausal women. Misoprostol administration may enhance sampling adequacy. Identifying such predictive factors is crucial to improve diagnostic success and ensure timely management of potential endometrial pathologies in postmenopausal patients.

Özet

Endometrial örnekleme, postmenopozal kadınlarda anormal uterin kanamanın değerlendirilmesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Ancak endometrial atrofi ve servikal stenoz gibi faktörler örnek yeterliliğini azaltarak ciddi hastalıkların tanısını geciktirebilir. Bu kesitsel çalışmada, postmenopozal kadınlarda yetersiz endometrial örnekleme ile ilişkili klinik ve sonografik faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve misoprostol kullanımının örnek yeterliliği üzerindeki etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ocak 2017 ile Mart 2022 arasında İstanbul’daki bir üçüncü basamak hastanede endometrial örnekleme yapılan 500 postmenopozal kadın çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Yaş, menopoz süresi, klinik endikasyonlar, transvajinal ultrasonografi bulguları, misoprostol kullanımı ve histopatoloji sonuçları analiz edilmiştir. Örnekler yeterli veya yetersiz olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Vakaların %65,4’ünde yeterli örnek elde edilmiştir. Yetersiz örnekleme, ileri yaş, uzun menopoz süresi, ince endometrium ve intrauterin sıvı varlığı ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkili bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Misoprostol kullanımı örnek yeterliliğini artırmıştır (p<0,05). Örnekleme cihazı, anestezi tipi veya servikal dilatasyon açısından ise anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, ileri yaş, uzun menopoz süresi, ince endometrium ve intrauterin sıvı varlığı postmenopozal kadınlarda yetersiz endometrial örnekleme riskini artırmaktadır. Misoprostol uygulaması örnek yeterliliğini artırabilir. Bu risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi, postmenopozal endometrial değerlendirmelerde tanısal başarıyı artırmak ve olası patolojilerin erken yönetimini sağlamak açısından önemlidir.

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Cite This Article

Özen, E. G., Köse, B., Hocaoğlu, M., Akpak, Y. K., Turgut, A. (2025). Factors Related to Insufficient Endometrial Sampling in Postmenopausal Patients. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi, Volume: 12 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.47572/muskutd.1739665

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