Journals / Çukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilimler Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology

Kolposkopi ile Dual Boyama Triyajının Tanısal ve Ekonomik Etkisi: Non-16/18 hrHPV Pozitif ve NILM Sitolojili Kadınlarda Karşılaştırmalı Analiz

Süleyman Özen(Department of Gynecologic Oncology, İzmir City Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye)0000-0002-4870-2840
Eda Güner Özen(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, İzmir City Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye)0000-0003-1102-9741
Muzaffer Sancı(Department of Gynecologic Oncology, İzmir City Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye)0000-0002-8494-4302
Pages
390–395
Publication Date
2026-06-30
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Key words: Colposcopy, Human papillomavirus infections, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cost-Benefit Analysis

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Objective & Hypothesis:Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of immediate colposcopy versus p16/Ki-67 dual stain (DS) triage in women with non-16/18 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity and normal cervical cytology (NILM) in a tertiary care setting in Türkiye.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 454 unvaccinated women with non-16/18 hrHPV positivity and NILM cytology between December 2023 and May 2025.
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Conclusion & Impact:Key words: Colposcopy, Human papillomavirus infections, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cost-Benefit Analysis
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2023 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Kolposkopi · İnsan papillomavirüs enfeksiyonları · Uterin Servikal Neoplaziler

Abstract

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic yield and cost-effectiveness of immediate colposcopy versus p16/Ki-67 dual stain (DS) triage in women with non-16/18 high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity and normal cervical cytology (NILM) in a tertiary care setting in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 454 unvaccinated women with non-16/18 hrHPV positivity and NILM cytology between December 2023 and May 2025. All underwent colposcopy with biopsy when indicated. A decision tree model compared two strategies: (1) immediate colposcopy for all, and (2) DS triage with colposcopy limited to DS-positive cases. DS performance metrics (sensitivity: 70.7%, specificity: 70.8%) were derived from literature. Total costs, colposcopy numbers, CIN2+ detection, and missed cases were calculated. Results: Among 454 patients, 10 (2.2%) were diagnosed with CIN2+ (7 CIN2, 3 CIN3). Immediate colposcopy detected all cases at a total cost of $7,491 with 454 procedures. The DS triage strategy required only 136 colposcopies (70% reduction) but missed 3 CIN2+ lesions and cost $24,944—a 233% increase. Conclusion: While DS triage reduced the number of colposcopies, it missed 30% of CIN2+ lesions and significantly increased costs. In under-screened, high-risk populations such as in Türkiye, immediate colposcopy remains a more effective and economically viable strategy for managing non-16/18 hrHPV-positive, NILM patients. Key words: Colposcopy, Human papillomavirus infections, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cost-Benefit Analysis

Özet

Özet Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, non-16/18 yüksek riskli HPV (hrHPV) pozitifliği ve normal servikal sitoloji (NILM) saptanan kadınlarda, üçüncü basamak bir merkezde, hemen kolposkopi uygulanması ile p16/Ki-67 dual boyama (DS) triyajının tanısal verimliliğini ve maliyet-etkinliğini karşılaştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif kohort çalışmasına Aralık 2023 ile Mayıs 2025 tarihleri arasında non-16/18 hrHPV pozitifliği ve NILM sitoloji saptanan, HPV aşısı yapılmamış 454 kadın dahil edilmiştir. Tüm hastalara kolposkopi uygulanmış ve endikasyon halinde biyopsi alınmıştır. Karar ağacı modeli kullanılarak iki strateji karşılaştırılmıştır: (1) tüm hastalara hemen kolposkopi uygulanması ve (2) yalnızca DS pozitif olgulara kolposkopi uygulanacak şekilde DS triyajı. DS performans ölçütleri (duyarlılık: %70,7; özgüllük: %70,8) literatürden elde edilmiştir. Toplam maliyet, uygulanan kolposkopi sayısı, CIN2+ saptanma oranı ve kaçırılan olgular hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 454 hastanın 10’unda (%2,2) CIN2+ tanısı konulmuştur (7 CIN2, 3 CIN3). Hemen kolposkopi stratejisi ile 454 işlem gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplam 7.491 ABD doları maliyet ile tüm olgular saptanmıştır. DS triyaj stratejisi yalnızca 136 kolposkopi gerektirmiş (%70 azalma), ancak 3 CIN2+ lezyonun kaçırılmasına neden olmuş ve toplam maliyet 24.944 ABD doları olarak hesaplanmıştır; bu, %233’lük bir maliyet artışına karşılık gelmektedir. Sonuç: DS triyajı kolposkopi sayısını azaltmakla birlikte CIN2+ lezyonların %30’unu kaçırmış ve toplam maliyeti anlamlı ölçüde artırmıştır. Türkiye gibi yetersiz taranan ve yüksek riskli popülasyonlarda, non-16/18 hrHPV pozitif ve NILM sitolojili hastaların yönetiminde hemen kolposkopi daha etkili ve ekonomik açıdan daha uygulanabilir bir strateji olarak görünmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolposkopi, İnsan papillomavirüs enfeksiyonları, Uterin Servikal Neoplaziler, Maliyet-Fayda Analizi

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Cite This Article

Özen, S., Özen, E. G., Sancı, M. (2026). Diagnostic and Economic Impact of Colposcopy versus Dual Stain Triage in Women with Non-16/18 hrHPV Positive and NILM Cytology. Çukurova Anestezi ve Cerrahi Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 390–395. https://doi.org/10.36516/jocass.1890189

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