SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Meandros Medical And Dental Journal / 2026 / Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Licorice Mouthwashes in Children

Fatih Öznurhan(CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY)
Burak Buldur(CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Özgül Cartı(CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY)
Uğur Tutar(CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ)
Cem Çelik(CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY)
Ceylan Hepokur(CUMHURIYET UNIVERSITY)
Pages
—
Publication Date
2019-04-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: Licorice might be a useful agent for dental procedures and further studies are needed to learn more about the dose of licorice, the ratio of glycyrrhizin and the duration of dental therapy.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: The aim of this in vivo study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple herbal caries-prevention protocol for reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in children.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: A total of 90 individuals were recruited randomly divided into three groups (n=30).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: Licorice might be a useful agent for dental procedures and further studies are needed to learn more about the dose of licorice, the ratio of glycyrrhizin and the duration of dental therapy.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Licorice · mouthwash · chlorhexidine

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this in vivo study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple herbal caries-prevention protocol for reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in children. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 individuals were recruited randomly divided into three groups (n=30). Mouthwashes including chlorhexidine (CHX), licorice and saline were used as tested antimicrobial agents, and saliva samples were collected before rinsing, at the end of 5 min (T1) and 60 min (T2) following rinsing, and the differences were calculated within 5-60 min (T3). Plaques were evaluated following incubation, and counts of the growing colonies were performed in colony forming units (CFU)/mL. Decreases in CFU were calculated in ratio for statistical analysis. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon signed rank tests by Bonferroni correction, using a 0.05 of significance level. Results: CHX caused significantly different decreases for T1 and T2 (p 0.05). Conclusion: Licorice might be a useful agent for dental procedures and further studies are needed to learn more about the dose of licorice, the ratio of glycyrrhizin and the duration of dental therapy.

🔖

Cite This Article

Öznurhan, F., Buldur, B., Cartı, Ö., Tutar, U., Çelik, C., Hepokur, C. (2019). Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Licorice Mouthwashes in Children. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal, Volume: 20 Issue: 1. https://doi.org/10.4274/meandros.galenos.2018.79663

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (34)

  1. Peters MC, Tallman JA, Braun TM, Jacobson JJ. Clinical reduction of S. mutans in pre-school children using a novel liquorice root extract lollipop: a pilot study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2010; 11: 274-8.
  2. Sajjan PG, Nagesh L, Sajjanar M, Reddy SK, Venktesh UG. Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine varnish and fluoride varnish on plaque Streptococcus mutans count--an in vivo study. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 11: 191-7.
  3. Rigonatto DD, Antunes JL, Frazao P. Dental caries experience in Indians of the Upper Xingu, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2001; 43: 93-8.
  4. Gokalp SG, Dogan BG, Tekcicek MT, Berberoglu A, Unluer S. National survey of oral health status of children and adults in Turkey. Community Dent Health 2010; 27: 12-7.
  5. Ozer S, Sen Tunc E, Bayrak S, Egilmez T. Evaluation of certain risk factors for early childhood caries in Samsun, Turkey. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2011; 12: 103-6.
  6. Banas JA. Virulence properties of Streptococcus mutans. Front Biosci 2004; 9: 1267-77.
  7. Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res 2011; 45: 69-86.
  8. Lemos JA, Burne RA. A model of efficiency: stress tolerance by Streptococcus mutans. Microbiology 2008; 154: 3247-55.
  9. Gao X, Lo EC, McGrath C, Ho SM. Innovative interventions to promote positive dental health behaviors and prevent dental caries in preschool children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2013; 14: 118.
  10. Agarwal P, Nagesh L. Comparative evaluation of efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Tulsi extract mouth rinses on salivary Streptococcus mutans count of high school children--RCT. Contemp Clin Trials 2011; 32: 802-8.
  11. Schaeken MJ, De Jong MH, Franken HC, Van der Hoeven JS. Effects of highly concentrated stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine regimes on human dental plaque flora. J Dent Res 1986; 65: 57-61.
  12. Emilson CG. Potential efficacy of chlorhexidine against mutans streptococci and human dental caries. J Dent Res 1994; 73: 682-91.
  13. Park KM, You JS, Lee HY, Baek NI, Hwang JK. Kuwanon G. an antibacterial agent from the root bark of Morus alba against oral pathogens. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84: 181-5.
  14. Chung JY, Choo JH, Lee MH, Hwang JK. Anticariogenic activity of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) against Streptococcus mutans. Phytomedicine 2006; 13: 261-6.
  15. Jain E, Pandey RK, Khanna R. Liquorice root extracts as potent cariostatic agents in pediatric practice. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2013; 31: 146-52.
  16. Rackova L, Jancinova V, Petrikova M, Drabikova K, Nosal R, Stefek M, et al. Mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of liquorice extract and glycyrrhizin. Nat Prod Res 2007; 21: 1234-41.
  17. Gupta VK, Fatima A, Faridi U, Negi AS, Shanker K, Kumar JK, et al. Antimicrobial potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 116: 377-80.
  18. Messier C, Epifano F, Genovese S, Grenier D. Licorice and its potential beneficial effects in common oro-dental diseases. Oral Dis 2012; 18: 32-9.
  19. Chaiya A, Saraya S, Chuakul W, Temsiririrkkul R. Screening for Dental Caries: Preventive Activities of Medicinal Plants against Streptococcus mutans. J Pharm Sci 2013; 40: 9-17.
  20. Hu CH, He J, Eckert R, Wu XY, Li LN, Tian Y, et al. Development and evaluation of a safe and effective sugar-free herbal lollipop that kills cavity-causing bacteria. Int J Oral Sci 2011; 3: 13-20.
  21. Ajagannanavar SL, Battur H, Shamarao S, Sivakumar V, Patil PU, Shanavas P. Effect of aqueous and alcoholic licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) root extract against streptococcus mutans and lactobacillus acidophilus in comparison to chlorhexidine: an in vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6: 29-34.
  22. Sharma H, Yunus GY, Mohapatra AK, Kulshrestha R, Agrawal R, Kalra M. Antimicrobial efficacy of three medicinal plants Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ficus religiosa, and Plantago major on inhibiting primary plaque colonizers and periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res 2016; 27: 200-4.
  23. Ahn SJ, Park SN, Lee YJ, Cho EJ, Lim YK, Li XM, et al. In vitro antimicrobial activities of 1-methoxyficifolinol, licorisoflavan A, and 6,8-diprenylgenistein against Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res 2015; 49: 78-89.
  24. Prasanth M. Antimicrobial efficacy of different toothpastes and mouthrinses: an in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2011; 8: 85-94.
  25. Lorenz K, Bruhn G, Heumann C, Netuschil L, Brecx M, Hoffmann T. Effect of two new chlorhexidine mouthrinses on the development of dental plaque, gingivitis, and discolouration. A randomized, investigator-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-week experimental gingivitis study. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33: 561-7.
  26. Parwani SR, Parwani RN, Chitnis PJ, Dadlani HP, Prasad SV. Comparative evaluation of anti-plaque efficacy of herbal and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in a 4-day plaque regrowth study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2013; 17: 72-7.
  27. Sedighinia F, Safipour Afshar A, Soleimanpour S, Zarif R, Asili J, Ghazvini K. Antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra against oral pathogens: an in vitro study. Avicenna J Phytomed 2012; 2: 118-24.
  28. Soderling E, Karjalainen S, Lille M, Maukonen J, Saarela M, Autio K. The effect of liquorice extract-containing starch gel on the amount and microbial composition of plaque. Clin Oral Investig 2006; 10: 108-13.
  29. Mohire NC, Yadav AV. Chitosan-based polyherbal toothpaste: as novel oral hygiene product. Indian J Dent Res 2010; 21: 380-4.
  30. Guldas HE, Kececi AD, Cetin ES, Ozturk T, Kaya BU. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of cetrimide and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm grown on dentin discs in comparison with NaOCl. Dent Mater J 2016; 35: 721-7.
  31. Almaz ME, Sonmez IS, Okte Z, Oba AA. Efficacy of a sugar-free herbal lollipop for reducing salivary Streptococcus mutans levels: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21: 839-45.
  32. Ahn SJ, Cho EJ, Kim HJ, Park SN, Lim YK, Kook JK. The antimicrobial effects of deglycyrrhizinated licorice root extract on Streptococcus mutans UA159 in both planktonic and biofilm cultures. Anaerobe 2012; 18: 590-6.
  33. Akca AE, Akca G, Topcu FT, Macit E, Pikdoken L, Ozgen IS. The Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Effect of Propolis with Chlorhexidine against Oral Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016: 3627463.
  34. Segal R, Pisanty S, Wormser R, Azaz E, Sela MN. Anticariogenic activity of licorice and glycyrrhizine I: Inhibition of in vitro plaque formation by Streptococcus mutans. J Pharm Sci 1985; 74: 79-81.