Journals / Meandros Medical And Dental Journal / 2026 / Volume: 27 Issue: 3

Impact of Gubernaculum Preservation on Testicular Outcomes in Two-Stage Fowler–Stephens Orchiopexy

İki Aşamalı Fowler–Stephens Orşiopeksisinde Gubernakulum Koruyucu Yaklaşımın Testiküler Sonuçlara Etkisi

Ali Sezer(Konya Şehir Hastanesi)0000-0003-2904-2610
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-09-24
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall anatomical success was achieved in all cases, whereas testicular survival without atrophy was observed in 13 of 15 testes (86.6%).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: To evaluate the impact of gubernaculum preservation on surgical outcomes and testicular viability in patients undergoing Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy (FSO) for intra-abdominal testes.
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Key Findings & Data:Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients with non-palpable intra-abdominal testes managed between March 2021 and March 2025 were retrospectively reviewed.
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall anatomical success was achieved in all cases, whereas testicular survival without atrophy was observed in 13 of 15 testes (86.6%).
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:2021 Verileri
⚙️Variables:cryptorchidism · intra-abdominal testis · Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of gubernaculum preservation on surgical outcomes and testicular viability in patients undergoing Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy (FSO) for intra-abdominal testes. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients with non-palpable intra-abdominal testes managed between March 2021 and March 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients undergoing gubernaculum-sparing orchiopexy for testes located ≥2 cm proximal to the internal inguinal ring were included. All patients underwent laparoscopic staged Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy with preservation of gubernacular and collateral vascular structures. Demographic characteristics, operative findings, postoperative complications, and follow-up outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Surgical success was defined as maintenance of the testis in a stable scrotal position without evidence of atrophy. Results: A total of 20 patients underwent staged surgical management for intra-abdominal testes during the study period. Among these, 13 patients with 15 testes underwent gubernaculum-sparing Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy and constituted the study cohort. Mean age at surgery was 4.0 ± 2.8 years, and mean follow-up duration was 1.5 ± 0.9 years. Testicular atrophy developed in one testis, while one additional testis demonstrated postoperative hypotrophy on ultrasonographic evaluation. Overall anatomical success was achieved in all cases, whereas testicular survival without atrophy was observed in 13 of 15 testes (86.6%). Postoperative complications were minimal, and no patient required redo surgery. Conclusion: Gubernaculum-preserving staged Fowler–Stephens orchiopexy appears to be a safe and effective technique with favorable anatomical and functional outcomes in selected patients with high intra-abdominal testes. Preservation of gubernacular collateral circulation may contribute to improved postoperative testicular viability. Further prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to clarify the long-term benefits of this approach.

Özet

Amaç İntraabdominal testis nedeniyle Fowler–Stephens orşiopeksisi (FSO) uygulanan hastalarda gubernakulum korunmasının cerrahi sonuçlar ve testiküler canlılık üzerine etkisini değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntem Mart 2021 ile Mart 2025 tarihleri arasında non-palpabl intraabdominal testis nedeniyle tedavi edilen hastaların tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak incelendi. İnternal inguinal halkanın ≥2 cm proksimalinde yer alan testisler nedeniyle gubernakulum koruyucu orşiopeksi uygulanan hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastalara gubernakular ve kollateral vasküler yapıların korunduğu laparoskopik aşamalı Fowler–Stephens orşiopeksisi uygulandı. Demografik özellikler, operatif bulgular, postoperatif komplikasyonlar ve takip sonuçları retrospektif olarak analiz edildi. Cerrahi başarı, takipte testisin stabil skrotal pozisyonda bulunması ve atrofi gelişmemesi olarak tanımlandı. Bulgular Çalışma döneminde intraabdominal testis nedeniyle toplam 20 hastaya aşamalı cerrahi uygulandı. Bunlar arasında 13 hastada toplam 15 testise gubernakulum koruyucu Fowler–Stephens orşiopeksisi uygulanmış olup çalışma kohortunu oluşturdu. Ortalama cerrahi yaşı 4.0 ± 2.8 yıl, ortalama takip süresi ise 1.5 ± 0.9 yıl idi. Takiplerde bir testiste atrofi gelişirken, bir diğer testiste ultrasonografik değerlendirmede postoperatif hipotrofi saptandı. Tüm olgularda anatomik başarı sağlanırken, atrofi olmaksızın testiküler sağkalım 15 testisin 13’ünde (%86.6) gözlendi. Postoperatif komplikasyonlar minimal düzeydeydi ve hiçbir hastada yeniden cerrahi gereksinimi olmadı. Sonuç Gubernakulum koruyucu aşamalı Fowler–Stephens orşiopeksisi, seçilmiş yüksek intraabdominal testis olgularında başarılı anatomik ve fonksiyonel sonuçlar sağlayabilen güvenli ve etkili bir yöntem olarak görünmektedir. Gubernakular kollateral dolaşımın korunması, postoperatif testiküler canlılığın artırılmasına katkıda bulunabilir. Bu yaklaşımın uzun dönem avantajlarını daha iyi ortaya koyabilmek için daha geniş serili ve uzun takip süreli prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

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Cite This Article

Sezer, B. T., Sezer, A. (2026). Impact of Gubernaculum Preservation on Testicular Outcomes in Two-Stage Fowler–Stephens Orchiopexy. Meandros Medical And Dental Journal, Volume: 27 Issue: 3. https://doi.org/10.69601/meandrosmdj.1957297

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