SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 62 Sayı: 62

The Effect of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Career Psychological Counseling Training for Psychological Counselors on Their Self-Efficacy Levels

Psikolojik Danışmanlar için Yapay Zekâ Destekli Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Eğitiminin Öz Yeterlik Düzeylerine Etkisi

Osman Söner(ISTANBUL SABAHATTIN ZAIM UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-9741-5357
Pages
224–246
Publication Date
2025-07-22
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In this context, suggestions were made for disseminating artificial intelligence-supported applications in counselor education and structuring them as ethics-based.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the effect of artificial intelligence-supported career counseling training programs on counselors' career counseling self-efficacy levels.
📊
Key Findings & Data:According to the study results, a significant increase was observed in the career counseling self-efficacy levels of the counselor candidates in the experimental group, and this increase was maintained in the follow-up test.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In this context, suggestions were made for disseminating artificial intelligence-supported applications in counselor education and structuring them as ethics-based.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Kariyer · psikolojik danışmanlık · yapay zeka

Abstract

This study examines the effect of artificial intelligence-supported career counseling training programs on counselors' career counseling self-efficacy levels. The study used a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest, and follow-up test control groups and the Career Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale as a data collection tool. Within the scope of the study, pretest, posttest, and follow-up tests were applied to the experimental and control groups. According to the study results, a significant increase was observed in the career counseling self-efficacy levels of the counselor candidates in the experimental group, and this increase was maintained in the follow-up test. As a result of MANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA analyses, a high effect size was found for time and group interaction. During the AI-supported training process, it was determined that the implementation skills of the counselors were improved thanks to client simulations, personalized scenarios, and digital feedback systems. The findings show that integrating artificial intelligence into counseling education contributes to developing professional competencies. In this context, suggestions were made for disseminating artificial intelligence-supported applications in counselor education and structuring them as ethics-based.

Özet

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yapay zekâ destekli kariyer danışmanlığı eğitim programının psikolojik danışmanların kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı öz-yeterlik düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada ön test son test ve izleme testi kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel desen kullanılmış ve veri toplama aracı olarak Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlık Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında deney ve kontrol gruplarına ön test, son test ve izleme testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, deney grubunda yer alan psikolojik danışman adaylarının kariyer danışmanlığı öz-yeterlik düzeylerinde anlamlı bir artış gözlemlenmiş; bu artışın izleme testinde de sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. MANOVA ve tekrarlı ölçümler ANOVA analizleri sonucunda, zaman ve grup etkileşiminde yüksek düzeyde etki büyüklüğü bulunmuştur. Yapay zekâ destekli eğitim sürecinde, danışan simülasyonları, kişiselleştirilmiş senaryolar ve dijital geribildirim sistemleri sayesinde danışmanların uygulama becerilerinde gelişim sağlandığı saptanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, yapay zekânın psikolojik danışmanlık eğitimine entegrasyonunun, mesleki yeterliklerin gelişimine katkı sunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, yapay zekâ destekli uygulamaların danışman eğitiminde yaygınlaştırılması ve etik temelli biçimde yapılandırılmasına yönelik önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Söner, O., *, O. S. (2025). The Effect of Artificial Intelligence-Supported Career Psychological Counseling Training for Psychological Counselors on Their Self-Efficacy Levels. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, Cilt: 62 Sayı: 62, 224–246. https://doi.org/10.15285/maruaebd.1665862

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (67)

  1. Al-Darmaki, F. R. (2004). Counselor training, anxiety, and counseling self-efficacy: Implications for training psychology students from the United Arab Emirates University. Social Behavior and Personality: An İnternational Journal, 32(5), 429-439. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2004.32.5.429
  2. Baker, R.S., & Inventado, P.S. (2014). Educational data mining and learning analytics. In J. A. Larusson & B. White (Eds.), Learning analytics: From research to practice (pp. 61-75). Springer.
  3. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Prentice Hall.
  4. Bandura, A. (1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175
  5. Bandura, A. (1991). Human agency: The rhetoric and the reality. American Psychologist, 46, 157-162. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.2.157
  6. Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Self-efficacy in changing societies. Cambridge University Press.
  7. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman and Company
  8. Bandura, A. (2012). On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited. Journal Of Management, 38(1), 9-44. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206311410606
  9. Başaran, İ. (2023). Okul psikolojik danışmanları için kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı öz-yeterlik ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İzmir.
  10. Betz, N. E. (1992). Counseling uses of career self-efficacy theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 41(1), 22-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1992.tb00352.x
  11. Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2000). A Longitudinal Study of Teacher Burnout and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Classroom Management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 239-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(99)00057-8
  12. Büyükgöze-Kavas, A., Şanlı, E., & İslam, Ü. Y. (2021). Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Öz-Yeterlik Ölçeği Türkçe formu: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (58), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.790078
  13. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2021). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı: İstatistik, araştırma deseni, SPSS uygulamaları ve yorum (28. baskı). Pegem Akademi.
  14. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2024). Deneysel desenler: Ön test-son test kontrol Grubu, desen ve veri analizi. (10. Basım). Pegem Akademi.
  15. Chan, E.S.S., Ho, S.K., Ip, F.F.L., & Wong, M.W.Y. (2020). Self-Efficacy, Work Engagement, and Job Satisfaction Among Teaching Assistants in Hong Kong’s Inclusive Education. Sage Open, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020941008
  16. Coakes, S. J. (2005). SPSS: Analysis without anguish using SPSS version 12.0 for Windows. John Wiley & Sons
  17. Cormier, S., & Nurious, P. S. (2003). Interviewing and change strategies for helpers: Fundamental skills and cognitive behavioral interventions (5th ed.). Thomson-Brooks/Cole.
  18. Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). (2016). 2016 CACREP standards. Erişim adresi: https://www.cacrep.org
  19. Creighton, L., Brown Wilson, C., Anderson, T., Hamilton, C., Curtis, G., Slade, C., & Mitchell, G. (2025). Promoting self-efficacy of nursing students in academic integrity through a digital serious game: a pre/post-test study. Nursing Reports, 15(45), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15020045
  20. Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Pearson Education.
  21. Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  22. D'Mello, S., & Graesser, A. (2012). Dynamics of affective states during complex learning. Learning and Instruction, 22(2), 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2011.10.001
  23. Edwin, M., & Fisher, J. (2023). School counselors’ experience and self-efficacy in providing career counseling to high-ability visual artists. Professional School Counseling, 27(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759X231165495
  24. El Kaliouby, R., & Picard, R. W. (2005). Affective computing and intelligent interaction. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction (pp. 981-995). Springer-Verlag.
  25. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate education research (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
  26. Frey, C. B., & Osborne, M. A. (2017). The future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerization? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 114, 254–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.08.019
  27. Friedman, I. A. (2003). Self-efficacy and burnout in teaching: the importance of interpersonal-relations efficacy. Social Psychology of Education, 6(3), 191-215. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024723124467
  28. Fulmer, R. (2019). Artificial intelligence and counseling: Four levels of implementation. Theory & Psychology, 29(6), 807–819. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959354319853045
  29. Grau, R., Salanova, M., & Peirò, J. M. (2001). Moderator effects of self-efficacy on occupational stress. Psychology in Spain, 5(1), 63–74. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-04139-007
  30. Greason, P. B., & Cashwell, C. S. (2009). Mindfulness and counseling selfefficacy: The mediating role of attention and empathy. Counselor Education & Supervision, 49, 2-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2009.tb00083.x
  31. Haider, Z., Zummer, A., Waheed, A., & Abuzar, M. (2024). Study how AI can enhance cognitive functions, such as memory or problem-solving, and the psychological effects of these enhancements. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 13(3), 256-263. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00485
  32. Heppner, M. J., Multon, K. D., Gysbers, N. C., Ellis, C. A., & Zook, C. E. (1998). The relationship of trainee self-efficacy to the process and outcome of career counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 393-402. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.4.393
  33. Hooley, T., & Staunton, T. (2020). The role of digital technology in career development. P. J. Robertson, T. Hooley, & P. McCash, (Eds.). In The oxford handbook of career development (pp. 297–312). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190069704.013.22
  34. Hwang, Y. J., & Wu, Y. (2025). The influence of generative artificial intelligence on creative cognition of design students: a chain mediation model of self-efficacy and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1455015
  35. Jeong, D., Shin, S., & Jeong, J. (2025, April). Conversation Progress Guide: UI system for enhancing self-efficacy in conversational AI. In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2025), Yokohama, Japan.
  36. Johnson, E., Baker, S. B., Kopala, M., Kiselica, M. S., & Thompson, E. C. (1989). Counseling self-efficacy and counseling competence in prepracticum training. Counselor Educational & Supervision, 28(3), 205-218. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.1989.tb01109.x
  37. Kaplan, D.M., Tarvydas, V.M., & Gladding, S.T. (2014). 20/20: A vision for the future of counseling: The new consensus definition of counseling. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(3), 366–372. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556– 6676.2014.00164.x
  38. Karasar, N. (2021). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (36. baskı). Nobel Yayıncılık.
  39. Larson, L. M., & Daniels, J. A. (1998). Review of the Counseling Self-Efficacy Literature. The Counseling Psychologist, 26(2), 179–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000098262001
  40. Larson, L. M., Suzuki, L. A., Gillespie, K. N., Potenza, M. T., Bechtel, M. A., & Toulouse, A. L. (1992). Development and validation of the counseling self-estimate inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 39(1), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.39.1.105
  41. Lent, R. W., Hill, C. E., & Hoffman, M. A. (2003). Development and validation of the Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.97
  42. Lucas, M. S. (1993). Personal aspects of career counseling: Three examples. The Career Development Quarterly, 42, 161- 166. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1993.tb00430.x
  43. Munson, W. W., Stadulis, R. E. & Munson, D. G. (1986). Enhancing competence and self-efficacy of potential therapeutic recreators in decision-making counseling. Thereapeutic Recreation Journal, 20(4), 85-93. https://www.js.sagamorepub.com/index.php/trj/article/view/4331
  44. Niles, S. G., & Harris-Bowlsbey, J. (2013). 21. yüzyılda kariyer gelişimi müdahaleleri (4. baskı). (F. Korkut Owen, Çev.). Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  45. Nota, L., Lent, R. W., & Soresi, S. (2004). Relation of type and amount of training to career counseling self- efficacy in Italy. Career Development Quarterly, 52,194-201. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2004.tb00641.x
  46. O'Brien, K. M., Heppner, M. J., Flores, L. Y., & Bikos, L. H. (1997). The Career Counseling Self-Efficiency Scale: Instrument development and training applications. Journal of Counseling psychology, 44(1), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.44.1.20
  47. Özdoğan, H.K. ve Karacan Özdemir, N. (2023). 21. Yüzyılda kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı ve yapay zeka. Buca Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (57), 2127-2152. https://doi.org/10.53444/deubefd.1326692
  48. Öztemel, E. & Gürsev, S. (2020). A literature review on Industry 4.0 and beyond. Journal Of Intelligent Manufacturing, 31(1), 127-182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-018-1433-8,
  49. Perrone, K. M., Perrone, P. A., Chan, F., & Thomas, K. R. (2000). Assessing efficacy and importance of career counseling competencies. The Career Development Quarterly, 48(3), 212-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2000.tb00287.x
  50. Picard, R. W. (1997). Affective computing. MIT Press.
  51. Romero, C. B., & Subardjo, R. Y. S. (2024). AI-enhanced health counseling: A futuristic approach to holistic well-being. Bincang Sains dan Teknologi, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.56741/bst.v3i03.631
  52. Salmi, S. (2024). From words to actions. [Doctoral dissertation]. Vrıje Universirejt Amsterdam.
  53. Sanders, C., Welfare, L. E., & Culver, S. (2017). Career counseling in middle schools: A study of school counselor self-efficacy. The Professional Counselor, 7(3), 238– 250. https://doi.org/10.15241/cs.7.3.238
  54. Savickas, M.L. (2013). Career construction theory and practice. R. W. Lent, & S. D. Brown (Eds.), In Career development and counseling: Putting theory and Research to work (2.ed.), pp. 144-180). John Wiley.
  55. Sharpley, C. F., & Ridgway, I. R. (1993). An evaluation of the effectiveness of self-efficacy as a predictor of trainees' counselling skills performance. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 21(1), 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069889308253643
  56. Sodhi, J. S., Dutta, M., & Aggarwal, N. (2016). Efficacy of artificial neural network based decision support system for career counseling. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(32), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/2016/V9I32/100738
  57. Söner, O. (2024). Okul rehberlik ve psikolojik danışma hizmetlerinde yapay zekâ kullanımı: Teknolojik ilerleme. O. Söner & M. Y. Erdoğdu (Eds.), Okullarda rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmanlık: Eğitime yön verici güç kitabı içinde (ss. 361–374). Vizetek Yayıncılık.
  58. Swanson, J. L. (1995). Contemporary topics in vocational psychology. W.B. Walsh, & M.L. Savickas (Eds.), In Handbook of vocational psychology: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 217–259). Routledge.
  59. Suaprae, P., Nilsook, P., & Wannapiroon, P. (2021, July). System framework of intelligent consulting systems with intellectual technology. In International Conference on Computer Communications. https://doi.org/10.1145/3479162.3479167
  60. Su, S.W., Hung, C.H., Chen, L.X., & Yuan, S.M. (2024). Development of an AI-based system to enhance school counseling models for Asian elementary students with emotional disorders. IEEE Access, 12, 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483456
  61. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
  62. Thorén, A., Lindqvist, K., Pertoft Nemirovski, J., & Mechler, J. (2025). Short-term mentalization-based therapy for common childhood mental disorders - a pilot quasi-randomised controlled trial. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 30(2), 436-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/13591045251316619
  63. Wang, M., & Wanberg, C. R. (2017). 100 years of applied psychology research on individual careers: From career management to retirement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 546–563. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000143
  64. Watt, H.M.G., Ehrich, J., Stewart, S.E., Snell, T., Bucich, M., Jacobs, N., Furlonger, B., & English, D. (2019). Development of the psychologist and counsellor self-efficacy scale. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 9(3), 485-509. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-07-2018-0069
  65. Yeşilyaprak, B. (Ed.). (2024). Mesleki rehberlik ve kariyer danışmanlığı: Kuramdan uygulamaya (16. baskı). Pegem Akademi
  66. Yıldırım, F. ve İlhan, İ. Ö. (2010). Genel öz- yeterlik ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması.
  67. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301 – 308. https://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/PDF/C21S4/301-308.pdf