SavedAdd your journal

Journals / AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3

Mapping the Landscape of Post-Traumatic Growth Research: a Global Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis

Travma Sonrası Büyüme Araştırmalarının Manzarasının Haritalanması: Küresel Bir Bibliyometrik ve Bilimsel Haritalama Analizi

Yasemin Güler(İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-4492-7572
Osman Söner(İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-9741-5357
Deniz Daban(İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0009-2920-000X
Roza Demir(İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0009-0003-0666-0632
Pages
618–646
Publication Date
2026-09-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of PTSD research from historical and thematic perspectives, offering an important roadmap for future research.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is an important concept that explains the positive psychological transformations individuals experience after serious traumatic experiences.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Despite the recent increase in scientific interest in this field, the structural and thematic development of the PTG literature has not been systematically examined.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of PTSD research from historical and thematic perspectives, offering an important roadmap for future research.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2025 Verileri
⚙️Variables:travma sonrası büyüme · bibliyometrik analiz · yayın eğilimleri

Abstract

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is an important concept that explains the positive psychological transformations individuals experience after serious traumatic experiences. Despite the recent increase in scientific interest in this field, the structural and thematic development of the PTG literature has not been systematically examined. This study analyzes PTG-focused scientific publications from 1980 to 2025 using bibliometric methods to reveal publication productivity, intellectual structure, international collaborations, and thematic trends in the field. The data were obtained from the Web of Science database and analyzed using science-mapping techniques in RStudio. The findings show that publication production increased significantly after 2004, with citation counts peaking between 2015 and 2022. Co-citation analyses reveal that founding figures such as Tedeschi and Calhoun occupy a central position in the field. At the same time, thematic maps show that concepts such as “post traumatic stress” and “meta-analysis” indicate methodological diversity. Additionally, countries such as the US, China, and the UK are seen as leaders in terms of publications and collaboration, while regions such as Africa and South America are underrepresented. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of PTSD research from historical and thematic perspectives, offering an important roadmap for future research.

Özet

Travma sonrası büyüme (TSB), bireylerin ciddi travmatik deneyimlerden sonra yaşadıkları olumlu psikolojik dönüşümleri açıklayan önemli bir kavramdır. Bu alana olan bilimsel ilginin son zamanlarda artmasına rağmen, TSB literatürünün yapısal ve tematik gelişimi sistematik olarak incelenmemiştir. Bu çalışma, TSB odaklı bilimsel yayınları 1980 ile 2025 yılları arasında bibliyometrik yöntemler kullanarak analiz etmeyi ve alandaki yayın verimliliğini, entelektüel yapıyı, uluslararası işbirliklerini ve tematik eğilimleri ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. Veriler Web of Science veritabanından elde edilmiş ve RStudio'da bilimsel haritalama teknikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, yayın üretiminin 2004'ten sonra önemli ölçüde arttığını ve atıf sayılarının 2015 ile 2022 yılları arasında zirveye ulaştığını göstermektedir. Ortak atıf analizleri, Tedeschi ve Calhoun gibi kurucu isimlerin alanda merkezi bir konumda olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda, tematik haritalar, "travma sonrası stres" ve "meta-analiz" gibi kavramların metodolojik çeşitliliği gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca, ABD, Çin ve İngiltere gibi ülkeler yayınlar ve iş birliği açısından lider olarak görülürken Afrika ve Güney Amerika gibi bölgeler yeterince temsil edilmemektedir. Bu çalışma, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu araştırmalarının tarihsel ve tematik perspektiflerden evrimine kapsamlı bir genel bakış sunarak gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli bir yol haritası sağlamaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Güler, Y., Söner, O., Daban, D., Demir, R. (2026). Mapping the Landscape of Post-Traumatic Growth Research: a Global Bibliometric and Science Mapping Analysis. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 3, 618–646. https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1803255

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (82)

  1. Abdelwahab, S. I., Taha, M. M. E., & Aldhahi, M. I. (2023). Comprehensive analysis of research related to rehabilitation and COVID-19, hotspots, mapping, thematic evolution, trending topics, and future directions. European Journal of Medical Research, 28(1), 434-451. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-023-01402-1
  2. Agaibi, C. E., & Wilson, J. P. (2005). Trauma, PTSD, and resilience: A review of the literature. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 6(3), 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838005277438
  3. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  4. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of Informetrics, 11(4), 959–975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
  5. Azeem, A., & Kiran, N. (2022). Post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth among police officials: Role of coping, self-efficacy, and hope. Journal of Islamabad Medical and Dental College, 11(2), 85–90. https://doi.org/10.35787/jimdc.v11i2.870
  6. Barskova, T., & Oesterreich, R. (2009). Post-traumatic growth in people living with a serious medical condition and its relations to physical and mental health: A systematic review. Disability and Rehabilitation, 31(21), 1709–1733. https://doi.org/10.1080/0963828090273844
  7. Begeny, J. C., Levy, R. A., Hida, R., Norwalk, K., Field, S., Suzuki, H., Soriano-Ferrer, M., Scheunemann, A., Guerrant, M., Clinton, A., & Burneo, C. A. (2018). Geographically representative scholarship and internationalization in school and educational psychology: A bibliometric analysis of eight journals from 2002–2016. Journal of School Psychology, 70(2018), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2018.07.001
  8. Behzadi, M., Rassouli, M., Khanali Mojen, L., Pourhoseingholi, M. A., & Alaie Karahroudy, F. (2018). Posttraumatic growth and its dimensions in the mothers of children with cancer. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 6(3), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.30476/IJCBNM.2018.40828
  9. Bhadoriya, N., & Dixit, A. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of talent management: Co-citation and cluster perspectives. ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(4), 552–565. https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i4.2024.2232
  10. Bonanno, G. A. (2004). Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? American Psychologist, 59(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.1.20
  11. Bower, J. E., Kemeny, M. E., Taylor, S. E., & Fahey, J. L. (1998). Cognitive processing, discovery meaning, CD4 decline, and AIDS-related mortality among bereaved HIV-seropositive me. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(6), 979–986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.66.6.979
  12. Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2000). A correlational test of the relationship between posttraumatic growth, religion, and cognitive processing. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(3), 521–527. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007745627077
  13. Callon, M., Courtial, J.P. & Laville, F.(1991). Co-word analysis as a tool for describing the network of interactions between basic and technological research: The case of polymer chemistry. Scientometrics, 22(1), 155–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02019280
  14. Çam, M. O., & Uğuz, Ö. (2023). Organ nakli alıcılarında travma sonrası büyüme. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1159203
  15. Chang, P.-L., Li, R., Wang, Z., Wang, C., & Wang, T. (2024). Bibliometric and visual analysis of severe trauma literature in the past 20 years. MedComm – Future Medicine, 3(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/mef2.81
  16. Chen, J. L., Zheng, L., Nie, X.-F., & Zhang, Q. (2023). Bibliometric analysis of post-traumatic growth after childbirth. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 49(7), 1770–1777. https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.15675
  17. Cobo, M. J., López-Herrera, A. G., Herrera-Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382–1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21525
  18. Cui, P. P., Wang, P. P., Wang, K., Ping, Z. C., Wang, P., & Chen, C. (2021). Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 78(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106645
  19. Dekel, S., Ein-Dor, T., & Solomon, Z. (2012). Posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic distress: A longitudinal study. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 4(1), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021865
  20. Engelkemeyer, S. M., & Marwit, S. J. (2008). Posttraumatic growth in bereaved parents. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(3), 344-346. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20338
  21. Fejes, A., & Nylander, E. (2014). The Anglophone international(e): A bibliometric analysis of three adult education journals, 2005–2012. Adult Education Quarterly, 64(3), 222–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741713614528025
  22. Frankl, V. E. (1963). Man’s search for meaning: An introduction to logotherapy. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 33(2), 390.
  23. Gallagher, M. W., Long, L. J., & Phillips, C. A. (2020). Hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(3), 329–355. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22882
  24. Gao, S., Zhang, Y., Ge, Y., Lu, H., & Li, M. (2024). Global trends and current research in post-traumatic osteoarthritis: A bibliometric and visualization analysis from 2010 to 2024. Medicine, 103(47), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000040604
  25. Garland, S. N., Carlson, L. E., Cook, S., Lansdell, L., & Speca, M. (2007). A nonrandomized comparison of mindfulness-based stress reduction and healing arts programs for facilitating posttraumatic growth and spirituality in cancer outpatients. Supportive Care in Cancer, 15(8), 949–961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-007-0280-5
  26. Güvenir, B. (2019). The effects of hope, social support, and spirituality on posttraumatic growth of parents of children with hematologic-oncologic diseases [Unpublished master's thesis]. Karadeniz Technical University.
  27. Hallinger, P. (2020). Science mapping the knowledge base on educational leadership and management from the emerging regions of Asia, Africa, and Latin America, 1965–2018. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(2), 209–230. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218822772
  28. He, L., Xu, J., & Wu, Z. (2013). Coping strategies as a mediator of posttraumatic growth among adult survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. PLOS ONE, 8(12), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084164
  29. Heine, S. J., & Hamamura, T. (2007). In search of East Asian self-enhancement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(1), 4–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868306294587
  30. İzgüden, D., & Erdem, R. (2020). The transformative role of trauma: Positive changes. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 191–200. https://doi.org/10.46971/ausbid.796425
  31. Jin, Y., Xu, J., & Liu, D. (2014). The relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder and post-traumatic growth: Gender differences in PTG and PTSD subgroups. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(12), 1903–1910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-014-0865-5
  32. King, L. A., & Hicks, J. A. (2009). Detecting and constructing meaning in life events. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(5), 317–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760902992316
  33. Klose, M., Jonsson, P., Abs, R., Erfurth, E. M., Huebner, A., Koltowska-Häggström, M., Monson, J. P., & Bengtsson, B. A. (2007). Low self-esteem and decreased quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency: The influence of adult growth hormone replacement therapy. Hormone Research, 68(5), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1159/000104174
  34. Kou, W.-J., Wang, X., Li, Y., Ren, X.-H., Sun, J.-R., Lei, S.-Y., Liao, C.-Y., & Wang, M.-X. (2021). Research trends of posttraumatic growth from 1996 to 2020: A bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science and CiteSpace. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 4(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100052
  35. Kovačević, J., & Hallinger, P. (2020). Finding Europe’s niche: Science mapping the knowledge base on educational leadership and management in Europe, 1960–2018. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 31(3), 405–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2019.1692875
  36. Li, N., Cheng, H., & Lv, L. (2022). The relationship between posttraumatic growth, self-efficacy, and social support in burn patients: A cross-sectional study. Burns, 48(8), 1817–1825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2022.08.009
  37. Lindstrom, C. M., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2013). The relationship of core belief challenge, rumination, disclosure, and sociocultural elements to posttraumatic growth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 5(1), 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022030
  38. Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:jots.0000014671.27856.7e
  39. Maercker, A., & Langner, R. (2001). Persönliche Reifung (personal growth) durch Belastungen und Traumata. Diagnostica, 47(3), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.47.3.153
  40. Manne, S., Ostroff, J., Winkel, G., Goldstein, L., Fox, K., & Grana, G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth after breast cancer: Patient, partner, and couple perspectives. Psychosomatic Medicine, 66(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000127689.38525.7d
  41. Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper & Row.
  42. Matveeva, N., Sterligov, I., & Lovakov, A. (2022). International scientific collaboration of post-Soviet countries: A bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 127(3), 1583–1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04274-0
  43. McMillen, J. C., Smith, E. M., & Fisher, R. H. (1997). Perceived benefit and mental health after three types of disaster. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 733–739. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.65.5.733
  44. Minas, H., Wright, A. M., & Zwi, A. B. (2014). The International Journal of Mental Health Systems: A bibliometric review. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 8(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-8-1
  45. Muldoon, O. T., Haslam, S. A., Haslam, C., Cruwys, T., Kearns, M., & Jetten, J. (2019). The social psychology of responses to trauma: Social identity pathways associated with divergent traumatic responses. European Review of Social Psychology, 30(1), 311–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2020.1711628
  46. Muñoz-Muñoz, A. M., & Mirón-Valdivieso, M. D. (2017). Analysis of collaboration and co-citation networks between researchers studying violence involving women. Information Research: An International Electronic Journal, 22(2), 1–15.
  47. Nita, A. (2019). Empowering impact assessments, knowledge, and international cooperation through scientific collaboration. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 77(7), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2019.04.005
  48. Niu, H., & Qiu, J. (2014). Network structure, distribution and the growth of Chinese international scientific collaboration. Research Evaluation, 23(3), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvu010
  49. Norris, F. H., Friedman, M. J., Watson, P. J., Byrne, C. M., Diaz, E., & Kaniasty, K. (2002). 60.000 disaster victims speak: Part I. An empirical review of the empirical literature, 1981–2001. Psychiatry, 65(3), 207–239. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.65.3.207.20173
  50. Özcan, N. A., & Arslan, R. (2020). Travma sonrası stres ile travma sonrası büyüme arasındaki ilişkide sosyal desteğin ve maneviyatın aracı rolü. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(73), 299-314. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.548142
  51. Özçetin, Y. S. Ü., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Kanser deneyiminde travma sonrası büyüme ve psikolojik sağlamlık. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 9(4), 388-397. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.290285
  52. Park, C. L., Cohen, L. H., & Murch, R. L. (1996). Assessment and prediction of stress-related growth. Journal of Personality, 64(1), 71–105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00815.x
  53. Patel, V., Chowdhary, N., Rahman, A., & Verdeli, H. (2011). Improving access to psychological treatments: Lessons from developing countries. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(9), 523-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2017.09.003
  54. Peng, X., Zhao, H.-Z., Yang, Y., Rao, Z.-L., Hu, D.-Y., & He, Q. (2021). Post-traumatic growth level and its influencing factors among frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 632360. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.632360
  55. Polatinsky, S., & Esprey, Y. (2000). An assessment of gender differences in the perception of benefit resulting from the loss of a child. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13(4), 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007870419116
  56. Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2009). Optimism, social support, and coping strategies as factors contributing to posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 14(5), 364–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325020902724271
  57. Ramos, C., & Leal, I. (2013). Posttraumatic growth in the aftermath of trauma: A literature review about related factors and application contexts. Psychology, Community & Health, 2(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.5964/pch.v2i1.39
  58. Rogers, C. R. (1971). On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin.
  59. Salim, J., Wadey, R., & Diss, C. (2015). Examining the relationship between hardiness and perceived stress-related growth in a sport injury context. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 19(2015), 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.12.004
  60. Schroevers, M. J., & Teo, I. (2008). The report of posttraumatic growth in Malaysian cancer patients: Relationships with psychological distress and coping strategies. Psycho‐Oncology, 17(12), 1239–1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.1366
  61. Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Barrington, A. J. (2012). Behavioural changes add validity to the construct of posttraumatic growth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 25(4), 433–439. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.21730
  62. Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Lurie-Beck, J. (2014). A meta-analytic clarification of the relationship between posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic distress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28(2), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.005
  63. Shakespeare-Finch, J., Gow, K. M., & Smith, S. G. (2003). Personality, coping and posttraumatic growth in emergency ambulance personnel. Traumatology, 9(2), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/153476560300900202
  64. Sheikh, A. I. (2008). Posttraumatic growth in the context of culture, religion, and spirituality. In L. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 165–186). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  65. Tedeschi, R. G. (1998). Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis. In R. G. Tedeschi, C. L. Park, & L. G. Calhoun (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth: Positive changes in the aftermath of crisis (pp. 1–23). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  66. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1995). Trauma and transformation: Growing in the aftermath of suffering (1st ed.). Sage.
  67. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The post-traumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9(3), 455–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02103658
  68. Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_01
  69. Tedeschi, R. G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., Taku, K., & Calhoun, L. G. (2018). Posttraumatic growth: Theory, research, and applications (1st ed.). Routledge.
  70. Tsai, J., Sippel, L. M., Mota, N., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2016). Longitudinal course of posttraumatic growth among U.S. military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Depression and Anxiety, 33(1), 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22371
  71. Van der Kolk, B. (2022). The body keeps the score: Brain, mind, and body in healing trauma (2nd ed.). Penguin Books.
  72. Vázquez, C., Valiente, C., García, F. E., Contreras, A., Peinado, V., Trucharte, A., & Bentall, R. P. (2021). Post-traumatic growth and stress-related responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national representative sample: The role of positive core beliefs about the world and others. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22, 2915–2935. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00352-3
  73. Weiss, T. (2004). Correlates of posttraumatic growth in married breast cancer survivors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23(5), 733–746. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.23.5.733.50750
  74. Wilson, J., Smith, A., & Brown, L. (2022). Bibliometric analysis of post-traumatic growth research: Trends and thematic evolution. Journal of Trauma and Stress Studies, 35(4), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.228
  75. Wu, X., Kaminga, A. C., Dai, W., Deng, J., Wang, Z., Pan, X., & Liu, A. (2020). The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 243(2019), 408–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023
  76. Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Lin, C., & Zang, W. (2019). The effect of disaster exposure on PTSD symptoms: A meta-analysis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11(6), 653–661. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000400
  77. Yalom, I. D. (1980). Existential psychotherapy (1st ed.). Basic Books.
  78. Yalom, I. D., & Lieberman, M. A. (1991). Bereavement and heightened existential awareness. Psychiatry, 54(4), 334–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1991.11024563
  79. Yang, K.-H., Lu, J., Duan, L., Tang, H., Bao, Z., & Liu, Y. (2023). Research hotspots and theme trends in post-traumatic growth: A co-word analysis based on keywords. International Journal of Nursing Sciences, 10(2), 154–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.03.001
  80. Zhou, X., Wu, X., & Zhen, R. (2018). Self-esteem and hope mediate the relations between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder and growth in adolescents following the Ya’an earthquake. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 31(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2017.1374376
  81. Zhu, W., Li, Y., Ma, X., Yang, H., Wang, Z., Shi, R., Shi, W., & Cong, B. (2023). Bibliometric analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder in forensic medicine: Research trends, hot spots, and prospects. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1074999
  82. Zupic, I., & Cater, T. (2015). Bibliometric methods in management and organization. Organizational Research Methods, 18(3), 429–472. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114562629