Journals / Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi / 2017 / Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 4

Yoğun bakımda perkütan trakeostominin geç dönem komplikasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi

Pages
170–174
DOI
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⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Conclusion: We believe that the percutenous tracheostomy method is superior to a surgical tracheostomy due to lower cost and risk of complication.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Evaluation of late term complications dilatation tracheostomy of intensive care unitObjective: The tracheostomy process is used in current intensive care units due to the increasing sedation required to enhance endotracheal tube tolerance, reducing physiological dead space, cleaning bronchoalveolar secretion and separating it from mechanical ventilation.
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Key Findings & Data:In this study, we aimed to retrospectively compare late complications of surgical and percutaneous tracheotomies performed in a research and training hospital's intensive care unit.Material and Method: In this study, 303 cases that tracheostomy performed with various indications from May 2012 to December 2015, in a research and training hospital intensive care unit, retrospectively examined. 12 patients who can not be reached after discharge were excluded from the study. 291 of the tracheostomy cases' opening methods, either surgical or percutaneous, the period spent under tracheostomy, and late-term complications were evaluated by using patient charts.
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Conclusion & Impact:Conclusion: We believe that the percutenous tracheostomy method is superior to a surgical tracheostomy due to lower cost and risk of complication.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:2012 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Evaluation of late term complications dilatation tracheostomy of intensive care unitObjective: The tracheostomy process is used in current intensive care units due to the increasing sedation required to enhance endotracheal tube tolerance, reducing physiological dead space, cleaning bronchoalveolar secretion and separating it from mechanical ventilation. Both due to low cost and late-term realization of the operation, bedside percutaneous dilatation tracheotomies should be included further in daily practice. The tracheostomy can also be performed by using surgical techniques. "Ciaglia Blue Rhino (Single Dilatation)", Percutwist (Controlled Dilatation), Griggs (Forceps Dilatation), Fantoni Translaringeal are most common tracheostomy methods. In this study, we aimed to retrospectively compare late complications of surgical and percutaneous tracheotomies performed in a research and training hospital's intensive care unit.Material and Method: In this study, 303 cases that tracheostomy performed with various indications from May 2012 to December 2015, in a research and training hospital intensive care unit, retrospectively examined. 12 patients who can not be reached after discharge were excluded from the study. 291 of the tracheostomy cases' opening methods, either surgical or percutaneous, the period spent under tracheostomy, and late-term complications were evaluated by using patient charts. A standard monitorization was implemented for all cases, and the procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The forceps dilatation (Griggs) method was used in all percutaneous cases. The airway was penetrated through 2-3 tracheal rings with a needle with the guide wire being guided to the airway. Cutaneous and subcutaneous incisions were performed on the edges of the wire. The cutaneous and subcutaneous areas were expanded with a dilatator by using the Seldinger method. By means of a 'Howard-Kelly' forceps guide wire, a dilatation where cannula may be placed at cutaneous-subcutaneous tissues and tracheal membrane cannula via guide wire was performed. The cannula was placed and fixed with neckties. The surgical interventions were implemented by an otorhinolaryngology expert, under surgery room conditions.Results: Among the 291 cases followed in intensive care unit with various indications. The youngest case was 10 while the oldest case was 95 years old. The Tracheostomy period in the intensive care unit was minimum 9 days and maximum 300 days, and it was 33.89±19.83 days on average. Tracheotomies were performed using the percutaneous method in 255 cases. Any losses of cases due to the complications of the process were not experienced during or after the tracheostomy. 166 of cases were lost for other reasons which are irrelevant to the tracheostomy process. The tracheoesophageal fistula was identified in 15 cases during the late term. Tracheal stenosis was identified after decannulation in 5 cases. Other complications caused by a tracheostomy were not reported during the long-term follow-ups of the 125 live cases.Discussion: Tracheada granulation tissue, tracheal stenosis, tracheasofagial and tracheocutaneous fistula may be encountered in the late period complications of tracheostomy. Stenosis has been noted stomally or substromally immediately under the vocal chords in general. Sepsis, stromal infection, senility, large scale cannula use, extreme canula movement, tightly fit canula, extended decanulation, extreme issuance of anterior cartilage in surgical technique are risk factors. Conclusion: We believe that the percutenous tracheostomy method is superior to a surgical tracheostomy due to lower cost and risk of complication.

Özet

Amaç: Günümüz yoğun bakımlarında endotrakeal tüpe toleransı artmak için artan sedasyon ihtiyacı, fizyolojik ölü boşluğun azaltılması, bronkoalveoler sekresyon temizliği ve mekanik ventilasyondan ayrılma amacıyla trakeostomi işlemi uygulanmaktadır. Gerek düşük maliyet gerek işlemin kısa zamanda gerçekleşmesi nedeniyle yatak başı perkütan dilatasyon trakeostomiler günlük pratikte daha fazla yer almaktadır. ''Ciaglia Blue Rhino (Tek Dilatasyon)'', Percutwist(Kontrollü Dilatasyon), Griggs (Forseps Dilatasyon ), Fantoni Translaringeal, perkütan trakeostomi için kullanılan yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada bir eğitim araştırma hastanesi yoğun bakım ünitesinde açılan cerrahi ve perkütan trakeostomiler geç dönem kompilasyonları açısından retrospektif karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada hastanemiz yoğun bakım ünitesinde Mayıs 2012 - Aralık 2015 tarihleri arasında çeşitli endikasyonlar ile trakeostomi açılmış 303 olgu retrospektif incelendi. Taburcu edildikten sonra iletişim kurulamayan 12 olgu çalışma dışına çıkarıldı. 291 olgunun trakeostomi açılma yöntemi(cerrahi/perkütan), trakeostomili geçen süre, geç dönem komplikasyonları hasta dosyaları üzerinden incelendi. Tüm olgulara standart monitörizasyon uygulandı ve işlemler genel anestezi altında yapıldı. Tüm perkütan olgularda, Forseps dilatasyon (Griggs) yöntemi kullanıldı. İğne ile 2-3 trakeal halkadan hava yoluna girildi. Kılavuz tel, hava yoluna ilerletildi. Telin kenarlarından cilt-cilt altı kesi yapıldı. Seldinger yöntemi ile dilatator eşliğinde cilt-cilt altı genişletildi. 'Howard-Kelly' forsepsi kılavuz tel aracıyla cilt cilt altı dokularda ve trakeal membranda kanülün yerleşebileceği bir dilatasyon gerçekleştirildi. Kanül yerleştirildi ve boyun bağları ile tespit edildi. Cerrahi yöntem, ameliyathane koşullarında Kulak Burun Boğaz (KBB) uzmanları tarafından uygulandı. Bulgular: Çeşitli endikasyonlar ile yoğun bakım takip edilen 291 olgunun en genç olanı 10, en yaşlısı 95 yaşındaydı. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde trakeostomi süresi minimum 9 gün maksimum 300 gün olup ortalama 33.89±19.83 gündü. 255 olguya perkütan yöntem ile trakeostomi açıldı. Trakeostomi işlemi sırasında ya da sonrasında işlemin komplikasyonlarına bağlı olgu kaybı yaşanmadı. 166 olgu, trakeostomi dışı nedenlerle kaybedildi. Geç dönem komplikasyonlarında 15 olguda trakeoözageal fistül tespit edildi. 5 olguda dekanülasyon sonrası trakeal stenoz tespit edildi. Yaşayan 125 olgunun uzun dönem takiplerinde trakoetomiye bağlı başka komplikasyon bildirilmedi.Tartışma: Trakeostominin geç dönem komplikasyonlarında trakeada granülasyon dokusu, trakeal stenoz, trakeaözofageyal fistül, trakeokütanoz fistül görülebilir. Stenoz, genelde vokal kordların hemen altında stomal veya substromal görülür. Sepsis, stromal enfeksiyon, yaşlılık, büyük çaplı kanül kullanımı, aşırı kanül hareketi, sıkı oturmuş kanül, uzamış dekanülasyon, cerrahi teknikte anterior kartilajın fazla çıkarılması risk faktörü olarak görülmektedir.Sonuç: Uygun hasta seçim ile perkütan trakeostomi yöntemi, düşük maliyet ve daha az komplikasyon riski nedeniyle cerrahi trakeostomi yönteminden daha üstün olduğunu düşünüyoruz.

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Cite This Article

ŞEKER, Y. T., TÜLÜBAŞ, E. K., HERGÜNSEL, O., ÇUKUROVA, Z. (2017). Yoğun bakımda perkütan trakeostominin geç dönem komplikasyonlarının değerlendirilmesi. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 13 - Sayı: 4, 170–174. https://ajindex.com/articles/128495

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