Journals / Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi / 2018 / Cilt: 14 - Sayı: 1

Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with legionnaires’ disease: two case reports

Lejyoner Hastalığının Neden Olduğu Akut Solunum Sıkıntısı Sendromu: İki Olgu Sunumu

Pages
146–150
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Early diagnosis and treatment are important factors in determining prognosis.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the acute onset of illness, bilateral chest radiographic infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema, and poor systemic oxygenation.
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Key Findings & Data:Case 1: A 54-year-old male tourist with diabetes mellitus apply to our institution with diarrhea and high fever.
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Conclusion & Impact:Early diagnosis and treatment are important factors in determining prognosis.
🔬Design:Research Article
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Domain Parameters

Abstract

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the acute onset of illness, bilateral chest radiographic infiltrates consistent with pulmonary edema, and poor systemic oxygenation. ARDS has severe morbidity and mortality. The most common risk factor for the development of community-acquired ARDS is severe sepsis with a pulmonary source of infection. The first step in the therapy of ARDS is identification and treatment of the underlying disease. Here, we report two cases of ARDS associated with Legionnaires disease. Case 1: A 54-year-old male tourist with diabetes mellitus apply to our institution with diarrhea and high fever. At the time of admission, the patient had a temperature of 39.5°C, a blood pressure of 140/70 mmHg, a heart rate of 102 beats/min and a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min. His oxygen saturation was 93% while breathing room air. Chest examination revealed rales and the chest x-ray showed right-lower zone infiltrates. Legionella urinary antigen was positive on admission day. Treatment with levofloxacin (1000 mg/day) was started in the first 4 hours of admission after taking cultures. The patient had progressive dyspnea and cyanosis was developed. Analysis of arterial blood gas revealed a pH of 7.29, CO2 pressure of 30 mmHg, O2 pressure of 37 mmHg and oxygen saturation of 62%. Roentgenogram of the chest worsened and showed bilateral infiltration, indicating ARDS. Thirty-two hours after admission, the patient was admitted to intensive care unit for ventilator support. The patient’s clinical status continued to deteriorate. He was hypotensive and required dopamine infusions for blood pressure support. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated on sputum culture. Five days after hospitalization, chlarithromycin (1000 mg/day) and ciprofloxacin (1200 mg/day) were substituted for the initial antibiotics. The patient had nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicilline resistant Staphylococcus aureus during subsequent days. Vancomycine 2 gr/days was added to treatment. Clinical status improved and the body temperature fell below 37.5°C on the eleventh day. On the patient’s relatives’ request, he was flown back to his country by air ambulance. One year later, the patient came back again as a tourist and had fully recovered from the illness. Case 2: A 82-year-old female with diabetes mellitus applied to our institution with high fever, dyspnea and mental change. She had been treated for pulmonary edema without any response to this therapy in a private hospital. She had been hospitalized in another hospital due to gastrointestinal bleeding approximately two weeks prior to her application. Chest examination revealed diffuse rales and the chest x-ray showed bilateral infiltrates. Analysis of arterial blood gas revealed pH of 7.31, CO2 pressure of 41.7 mm Hg, O2 pressure of 21.9 mmHg and oxygen saturation of 33.6%. The patient was admitted to intensive care unit for ventilator support. Legionella urinary antigen was positive on admission day. Treatment with ciprofloxacin (1200 mg/day) and chlarithromycin (1000 mg/day) was started on admission after taking cultures. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was isolated on endotracheal aspirate culture. The patient died on the 7th day. Conclusions: The clinicians should be aware of Legionnaires disease in etiology of ARDS. Early diagnosis and treatment are important factors in determining prognosis.

Özet

Giriş: Akut solunum sıkıntısı sendromu (ARDS) akut gelişen, pulmoner ödemle uyumlu bilateral akciğer infiltrasyonu ve sistemik oksijenizasyon azlığı ile karakterize bir hastalıktır. Ciddi morbidite ve mortalite ile seyreder. Altta yatan hastalığın tespiti ve tedavisi ARDS tedavisinde atılması gereken ilk adımdır. Ciddi seyirli akciğer enfeksiyonu toplum kaynaklı ARDS’nin etiyolojisinde sıklıkla sorumlu tutulmaktadır. Burada Lejyoner hastalığına bağlı ARDS gelişen iki olgu sunulmuştur. Olgu 1: 54 yaşında, erkek, diyabeti olan, turist hasta yüksek ateş ve ishal şikayeti ile hastanemize başvurdu. Fizik muayenesinde genel durumu orta, ateşi: 39.5˚C, nabız: 102/dakika ritmik, solunum sayısı: 24/dakika ve oksijen saturasyonu %93 idi. Solunum sistemi muayenesinde sağ alt zonda inspiratuar ralleri ve akciğer grafisinde sağ alt zonda infiltrasyonu vardı. Legionella idrar antijen testi pozitif saptandı. Balgam kültürü alındıktan sonra levofloksasin 1000 mg/gün tedavisine başlandı. Solunum sıkıntısı artması ve siyanoz gelişmesi üzerine alınan kan gazında pH: 7.29, PO2: 37 mmHg, PCO2: 30 mmHg, oksijen saturasyonu: %62 idi. Tekrarlanan akciğer grafisinde infiltrasyonun ilerlediği ve her iki akciğeri tuttuğu görüldü. Yatışının 32. saatinde mekanik ventilatöre bağlandı ve septik şok nedeniyle destek tedavisi verildi. Yatışının 5. günü klaritromisin 1000 mg/gün ve siprofloksasin 1200 mg/gün olarak tedavisi değiştirildi. Derin trakeal aspiratla alınan balgam kültüründe Legionella pneumophila serogrup 1 izole edildi. Metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus’a bağlı nazokomiyal pnömoni gelişti. Tedaviye vankomisin 2 gr/gün olarak eklendi. Yatışının 11. günü ateş yanıtı alındı. Hasta yakınlarının isteği ile uçak ambulansla ülkesine gönderildi. Bir yıl sonra hasta tekrar turist olarak ülkemize geri geldi ve hastalığı tamamen iyileşmişti. Olgu 2: 82 yaşında, diyabeti olan, kadın hasta solunum sıkıntısı, yüksek ateş, ishal ve bilinç değişikliği nedeniyle hastanemize yatırıldı. Özel bir hastanede de akciğer ödemi nedeniyle takip edilmiş ve tedaviye yanıt alınmaması üzerine hastanemize sevkedilmişti. Özgeçmişinde iki hafta önce gastrointestinal kanama nedeniyle bir ilçe devlet hastanesinde yatarak tedavi gördüğü öğrenildi. Akciğer muayenesinde dinlemekle bilateral ralleri saptandı. Akciğer grafisinde yaygın bilateral akciğer infiltrasyonu vardı. Kan gazında pH: 7.31, PO2: 21.9 mmHg, PCO2: 41.7 mmHg, oksijen saturasyonu %33.6 idi. Mekanik ventilatöre bağlandı ve septik şok nedeniyle destek tedavisi verildi. Legionella idrarda antijen testi pozitif saptandı. Balgam kültüründe Legionella pneumophila serogrup 1 izole edildi. Tedavide siprofloksasin 1200 gr/gün ve klaritromisin 1 gr/gün IV verildi. Yatışının 7. günü hasta hayatını kaybetti. Sonuç: ARDS etiyolojisinde Lejyoner hastalığı da akılda tutulmalı ve risk faktörleri irdelenmelidir. Uygun tedavinin erken başlanması hayat kurtarıcı olabilir.

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Cite This Article

ERDOĞAN, H., ARSLAN, H. (2018). Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with legionnaires’ disease: two case reports. Bakırköy Tıp Dergisi, Cilt: 14 - Sayı: 1, 146–150. https://ajindex.com/articles/128066

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