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Journals / Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2

Subjective Sleep Awareness Scale for Athletes: A Validity and Reliability Study

Sporcularda Öznel Uyku Farkındalığı Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Mehmet Kara(Mersin Üniversitesi)0000-0001-9454-5164
Pages
316–334
Publication Date
2026-08-26
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Considering that subjective sleep awareness is an important determinant of performance in athletes and that there is a limited number of measurement tools in this field, the newly developed “Subjective Sleep Awareness Scale for Athletes” makes a significant contribution to the existing literature.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument capable of assessing athletes’ subjective evaluations of their sleep patterns, sleep quality, and sleep perceptions.
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Key Findings & Data:The dataset for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) consisted of 597 active athletes, while a second group of 578 active athletes was used for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).
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Conclusion & Impact:Considering that subjective sleep awareness is an important determinant of performance in athletes and that there is a limited number of measurement tools in this field, the newly developed “Subjective Sleep Awareness Scale for Athletes” makes a significant contribution to the existing literature.
🔬Design:Review & Systematic Survey
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Öznel uyku farkındalığı · sporcular · geçerlilik

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable measurement instrument capable of assessing athletes’ subjective evaluations of their sleep patterns, sleep quality, and sleep perceptions. The qualitative phase of the development process included the application of the Lawshe Technique. Quantitative procedures comprised assumption testing followed by factor analyses, as well as the assessment of convergent and discriminant validity and composite reliability analyses. The dataset for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) consisted of 597 active athletes, while a second group of 578 active athletes was used for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The construct validity of the scale was established. Based on the literature review, the final instrument consists of 17 items across three factors: Social and Environmental Factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.85, 7 items), Performance Anxiety and Stress (Cronbach’s α = 0.89, 5 items), and Physiological and Biological Factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.78, 5 items). The items were rated on a 7-point Likert scale. The total variance explained by the factors was 59.446%. The goodness-of-fit indices supported the model structure (χ²/df = 4.68, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.07, NFI = 0.95, CFI = 0.96, GFI = 0.90, and AGFI = 0.86). Considering that subjective sleep awareness is an important determinant of performance in athletes and that there is a limited number of measurement tools in this field, the newly developed “Subjective Sleep Awareness Scale for Athletes” makes a significant contribution to the existing literature.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sporcuların uyku düzenleri, uyku kaliteleri ve uyku algılarına ilişkin öznel değerlendirmelerini ölçebilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçüm aracı geliştirmektir. Geliştirme sürecinin nitel aşamasında Lawshe Tekniği uygulaması yer almıştır. Nicel prosedürler, varsayım testlerini takiben faktör analizleri ile yakınsak ve ayırıcı geçerlilik değerlendirmeleri ve bileşik güvenilirlik analizlerini kapsamaktadır. AFA için gözlem seti 597 aktif sporcudan oluşurken, DFA için 578 aktif sporcudan oluşan ikinci bir grup kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği tespit edilmiştir. Literatür taramasına dayalı olarak, nihai araç üç faktörde 17 maddeden oluşmaktadır: Sosyal ve Çevresel Faktörler (Cronbach's α=0.85, 7 madde), Performans Kaygısı ve Stres (Cronbach's α=0.89, 5 madde) ve Fizyolojik ve Biyolojik Faktörler (Cronbach's α=0.78, 5 madde). Maddeler 7'li derecelendirilmiştir. Faktörler tarafından açıklanan toplam varyans %59,446'dır. Uyum iyiliği indeksleri model yapısını desteklemiştir: χ²/df=4.68, RMSEA=0.08, SRMR=0.07, NFI=0.95, CFI=0.96, GFI=0.90 ve AGFI=0.86. Sporcularda öznel uyku farkındalığının performansla ilgili önemli bir belirleyici olduğu ve bu alandaki ölçüm araçlarının azlığı göz önüne alındığında, yeni geliştirilen 'Sporcular için Öznel Uyku Farkındalığı Ölçeği' mevcut literatüre önemli bir katkı sağlamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Kara, M. (2026). Subjective Sleep Awareness Scale for Athletes: A Validity and Reliability Study. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 316–334. https://doi.org/10.17860/mersinefd.1809899

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