Journals / Kültür ve İletişim / 2026 / Cilt: 28 Sayı: 55

A Fundamental Path for the Phenomenology of Refugeeness

Mültecilik Fenomenolojisi İçin Temel Bir Güzergah

Pages
7–50
Publication Date
2025-03-28
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

In line with these theoretical approaches, the article intends to clarify a phenomenological route of displacement and refugeeness.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study is to create a theoretical framework for a “phenomenology of refugeeness” based on phenomenological thought's understanding of space and human existence.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Therefore, the design of a “phenomenology of refugeeism” is the primary focus of this article.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:In line with these theoretical approaches, the article intends to clarify a phenomenological route of displacement and refugeeness.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Mültecilik fenomenolojisi · yerinden edilme fenomenolojisi · göç

Abstract

The aim of this study is to create a theoretical framework for a “phenomenology of refugeeness” based on phenomenological thought's understanding of space and human existence. Therefore, the design of a “phenomenology of refugeeism” is the primary focus of this article. In phenomenological thought, the basic pattern of giving meaning to human existence is always related to being in a ready-to-hand and familiar life-world. In the refugee experience, subjective understandings are not only related to a physical displacement, but are also inherent in the destabilization of a life-world to which one is familiar. When an ready-at-hand lifeworld is shaken, there are crises and ruptures in the relations and spatial patterns perceived by individuals. This article follows a phenomenological hermeneutic method to understand the theoretical framework of this crisis. This method has the possibility to address the refugee experience in a theoretical framework by focusing on the spatio-temporal presence of human beings, their bodily experiences and intersubjective relations. Thus, the emphasis of the phenomenological approach on intersubjective relations and the presence of the embodily life experience in the world provides the potential to evaluate the individual and social aspects of refugeeness as a coexisting phenomenon. In this research, the possibility of intertwining the refugee experience with phenomenological thought within the framework of the main concepts of phenomenology such as space, body, intentionality and intersubjectivity is examined. In this context, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Martin Heidegger's theoretical approaches regarding space and human existence constitute the theoretical foundation. In line with these theoretical approaches, the article intends to clarify a phenomenological route of displacement and refugeeness.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, fenomenoloji düşüncesinin mekân ve insan varoluşu anlayışından hareketle bir “mültecilik fenomenolojisi” için kuramsal çerçeve oluşturmaktır. Bu nedenle makalenin merkezi odağı “mültecilik fenomenolojisi” tasarımı olmaktadır. Fenomenoloji düşüncesinde insan varlığı için temel anlamlandırma örüntüsü her zaman el-altında ve aşina olan bir yaşamdünyasında bulunmakla ilgilidir. Mültecilik tecrübesinde ise anlamlandırma, yalnızca fiziksel bir yer değiştirme değil aynı zamanda kişinin alışkın olduğu yaşamdünyasının sarsılmasına içkindir. Her an el-altında olan bir yaşamdünyası sarsıldığında, bireylerin algıladığı ilişkiler ve mekânsal örüntülerde de krizler ve kopuşlar yaşanır. Makalede, bu krizin teorik dokusunu anlamak için fenomenolojik hermeneutik yöntem benimsenmiştir. Bu yöntem, insanın mekân-zamansal bulunuşunu, bedensel deneyimlerini ve öznelerarası ilişkilerini merkeze alarak, mültecilik deneyimini kuramsal bir çerçevede ele alma olanağına sahiptir. Dolayısıyla fenomenolojik yaklaşımın öznelerarası ilişkilere ve bedenin dünyadaki varlığına yaptığı vurgu, mülteciliğin bireysel ve toplumsal yönlerini bir arada değerlendirmeye imkân tanımaktadır. Araştırmada, fenomenolojinin temel kavramları olan mekân, beden, yönelimsellik ve öznelerarası ilişkiler çerçevesinde mültecilik tecrübesinin fenomonelojik düşünceyle iç içe geçme olanağı irdelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty ve Martin Heidegger’in mekân ve insan varoluşu hakkındaki görüşleri kuramsal dayanağı oluşturmaktadır. Bu kuramsal yaklaşımlar doğrultusunda makalede, yerinden edilme ve mülteciliğin fenomenolojik bir güzergâhını aşikâr hale getirmek hedeflenmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Eker, A. (2025). A Fundamental Path for the Phenomenology of Refugeeness. Kültür ve İletişim, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 55, 7–50. https://doi.org/10.18691/kulturveiletisim.1626342

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (86)

  1. Adorno, Theodor. W. (2005). Minima Moralia: Sakatlanmış Yaşamdan Yansımalar, çev., Orhan Koçak, Ahmet Doğukan, 4. basım, İstanbul: Metis Yayınları
  2. Bauman, Zygmunt. (2013), Akışkan Modernite, çev, F. Doruk Ergun, İstanbul: Say Yayınları
  3. Bendixsen, Synnłve; Eriksen, T. Hylland (2020), “Time and the Other: Waiting and Hope among Irregular Migrants” in Ethnographies of Waiting, Manpreet K. Janeja and Andreas Bandak (ed.), London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 87-112.
  4. Berman, Marshall. (2013), Katı Olan Her Şey Buharlaşıyor, çev., Ümit Altuğ ve Bülent Peker, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
  5. Betts, Alexander. (2014), “International Relations and Forced Migration”, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E., Loescher, G., Long, K., & Sigona, N. (Eds.) içinde. Oxford University Press
  6. Bijak, Jakub. (2006), “Forecasting International Migration: Selected Theories, Models, and Methods”, Central European Forum for Migration Research (CEFMR), Working Paper, 4/2006, Warsaw
  7. Black, Julia. (2021), Global Migration Indicators 2021, Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM), https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/Global-Migration-Indicators-2021_0.pdf erişim: 03-08-2022
  8. Castles, Stephen.; Miller, Mark. J. (2008), Göçler Çağı: Modern Dünyada Uluslararası Göç Hareketleri, çev., Bülent Uğur Bal, İbrahim Akbulut, İstanbul: Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları
  9. Chambers, Ian. (2019), Göç, Kültür, Kimlik, çev., İsmail Türkmen ve Mehmet Beşikçi, 3. basım, İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları
  10. Chatty, Dawn. (2014), “Anthropology and Forced Migration”, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E., Loescher, G., Long, K., & Sigona, N. (Eds.) içinde. Oxford University Press
  11. Churchill, Scott, D. (2012) “Resoundings of the flesh: Caring for Others by way of “Second Person” Perspectivity”, International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Wellbeing, 7:1 https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v7i0.8187 access 10-11-2021
  12. Clark, W.A.V. (1986, [2020]), Human Migration, Grant Ian Thrall, (Ed.), Reprint, WVU Research Repository
  13. Colson, Elizabeth. (2003), “Forced Migration and the Anthropological Response”, Journal of Refugee Studies vol.16, no.1, [pp 1–16]
  14. https://web.mnstate.edu/robertsb/308/forced%20migration%20and%20the%20anthropological%20response.pdf erişim 03-10-2022
  15. Crawley, Heaven; Jones, Katharine. (2020). “Beyond Here and There: (Re)conceptualising Migrant Journeys and the ‘in-between’”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(14), pp. 3226–3242. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1804190.
  16. Crosby, Alison. (2006), “The Boundaries of Belonging: Reflections on Migration Policies into the 21st Century”, Inter Pares Occasional Paper, no.7 https://www.statewatch.org/media/documents/news/2006/jul/boundaries-of-belonging.pdf erişim 11-12-2021
  17. Cwerner, Saulo. (2001[2010]), “The Times of Migration”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(1), 7–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691830125283.
  18. De Genova, Nicholas P. (2002), “Migrant 'illegality'and Deportability in Everyday Life”, Annual Review of Anthropology, 31, 419-447. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4132887 erişim 05-10-2022
  19. Deleuze, Gilles; Guttari, Felix (1990), Kapitalizim ve Şizofreni I, çev., Ali Akay, İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları
  20. Dickinson, Eliot. (2016), Globalization and Migration: A World in Motion, London: Rowman & Littlefield
  21. Dowling, Maura. (2007), “From Husserl to van Manen. A Review of Different Phenomenological Approaches”, International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(1), 131-142.
  22. Elie, Jerome. (2014), “Histories of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies”, The Oxford Handbook of Refugee and Forced Migration Studies, Fiddian-Qasmiyeh, E., Loescher, G., Long, K., & Sigona, N. (Eds.) içinde. Oxford University Press
  23. Finlay, Linda. (2014), “Engaging Phenomenological Analysis”, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 11(2), 121–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2013.807899
  24. Giorgi, Amedeo. (2011), “IPA and Science: A Response to Jonathan Smith”, Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 42 (2), 195-216,
  25. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916211X599762
  26. Griffiths, Melanie. (2017), “The Changing Politics of Time in the UK's Immigration System” in Timespace and International Migration, Elizabeth Mavroudi, Ben Page, Anastasia Christou, (ed.), Edward Elgar publishing, pp. 48-61.
  27. Halling, Steen. (2021), “Phenomenology as Fidelity to Phenomena: Moving beyond the Van Manen, Smith, and Zahavi Debate”, The Humanistic Psychologist, 49 (2), pp.342-353. https://doi.org/10.1037/hum0000195
  28. Heidegger, Martin. (2018), Varlık ve Zaman, çev., Kaan Ökten, İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları
  29. Heidegger, Martin. (2013), Hümanizm Üzerine, çev., Yusuf Örnek, Ankara: Türkiye Felsefe Kurumu
  30. Heidegger, Martin. (1971[2001]), “Building Dwelling Thinking”, Poetry, Language and Thought Albert Hofstadter (Ed.) içinde. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, pp. 143-162
  31. Husserl, Edmund. (2010), “Kartezyen Meditasyonlar: Fenomenolojiye Bir Giriş”, çev., K. Gödelek ve T. Ketenci, Baykuş Felsefe Yazıları Dergisi, Sayı-6, İstanbul: Alef yay., ss.71-92
  32. Husserl, Edmund. (2010), “Fenomenoloji”, çev., Aydın Gelmez, Baykuş Felsefe Yazıları Dergisi: Husserl’in Gör Dediği, Sayı 6, İstanbul: Alef Yayınevi
  33. Husserl, Edmund. (2003), Fenomenoloji Üzerine Beş Ders, çev., Harun Tepe, Ankara: Bilim ve Sanat Yayınları
  34. Husserl, Edmund. (1994), Avrupa İnsanlığının Krizi ve Felsefe, çev., Ayça Sabuncuoğlu; Önay Sözer, İstanbul: AFA Yayınları.
  35. Kockelmans, Joseph J. (2007), “Edmund Husserl ve Fenomenoloji”, çev., Kaan. H. Ökten, Cogito Dergisi Bellek: Öncesiz, Sonrasız, Bahar Sayısı: 50, İstanbul, ss. 111-141
  36. Kosar, Anil; Markovic, Desa. (2016), "‘Home, Home, Bittersweet Home’ an Exploration of the Experience of Voluntary Migration." Journal of Psychological Therapies 1.1, pp. 53-58. https://homelesshub.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/journal-of-psychotherapy-and-counselling-psychology-reflections-issuu.pdf erişim 17-02-2025.
  37. Kurban, Dilek.; Yükseker, Deniz.; Çelik, A. B. vd. (2008), Zorunlu Göç ile Yüzleşmek: Türkiye’de Yerinden Edilme Sonrası Vatandaşlığın İnşası. 2. baskı, İstanbul: TESEV Yayınları.
  38. Larsen, Henrik Gert; Philip Adu. (2021), The Theoretical Framework in Phenomenological Research: Development and Application. Routledge.
  39. Laverty, Susann. M. (2003), Hermeneutic Phenomenology and Phenomenology: A Comparison of Historical and Methodological Considerations. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2(3), 21-35.
  40. Lee, Nicholas J. (2022), Phenomenological Lifeworld Research: A Proposed Phenomenological Research Methodology: With An Application to the Lifeworld of New Migrants, Doctoral Dissertation, Australia: University of Southern Queensland.
  41. Lewis, Michael; Staehler, Tanja. (2019), Edmund Husserl, Fenomenoloji 1. kısım, çev., Mehmet Demirhan, Ankara: Fol Yay, ss.25-99.
  42. Lindner, N., Carol. (2013), “Are We There Yet? Understandings of Home Among Compulsive Migrants”, The Asian Conference on Cultural Studies- Official Conference Proceedings, Osaka, pp. 400-411 http://papers.iafor.org/wp-content/uploads/papers/accs2013/ACCS2013_0189.pdf erişim. 09-03-2025
  43. Lyotard, Jean François. (2007), Fenomenoloji, çev., İsmet Birkan, Ankara: Dost Kitabevi
  44. Macioce, Fabio. (2017), “Undocumented Migrants, Vulnerability and Strategies of Inclusion: A Philosophical Perspective”, Constellations 25.1, pp.87–100, Wiley Online Library https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12294 erişim 02-08-2022
  45. Madison, Gregory. (2005), 'Existential Migration': Voluntary Migrants' Experiences of not being-at-home in the World, Doctoral Dissertation, City University London.
  46. Marfleet, Philip (2007), “Refugees and History: Why We Must Address The Past.” Refugee Survey Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 136–48.
  47. Marfleet, Philip. (2013), “Explorations in A Foreign Land: States, Refugees, and The Problem of History.” Refugee Survey Quarterly, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 14–34.
  48. Martin, Susan. F.; Fagen, Patricha Weiss, K. Jorgensen, L. Mann-Bondat and A. Schoenholtz (2005), The Uprooted: Improving Humanitarian Responses to Forced Migration, Oxford: Lexington Books
  49. Massey, Douglas. (16-18 oct. 2019), “The Changing Context of International Migration/ Session 1: Migration and Global Change -Conceptual Advances and Novel Approaches in Macro Level Migration Drivers”, Renewing the Migration Debate: Building Disciplinary and Geographical Bridges to Explain Global Migration, KNAW Academy Colloquium, De Trippenhuis in Amsterdam, International Migration Institute (IMI).
  50. Miller, Raissa M.; Chan, Christian D.; Farmer, Laura, B. (2018), "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Contemporary Qualitative Approach." Counselor Education and Supervision 57.4, pp. 240-254.
  51. ‘Mülteciler ve Göçmenler için New York Deklarasyonu’ (2016) https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_71_1.pdf erişim 19-08-2022
  52. Negri, Antoni. (2013), Sürgün, çev., Öznur Karakaş İstanbul: Monokl yay
  53. Nora, Pierre (2006), “Hafıza ile Tarih Arasında: Mekânlar Sorunsalı” Hafıza Mekânları, çev. Mehmet Emin Özcan, içinde. Ankara: Dost Yayınları
  54. Nyers, Peter. (2006), “Introduction: Body Politics in Motion”, Rethinking Refugees: Beyond States of Emergency, New York: Routledge publishing
  55. Orhan, Ayhan; Genç, Sema Yılmaz. (Ekim, 2018), “Göç Teorilerine Kısa Bir Bakış, Gerçekler ve Efsaneler”, Konferans Sunumu, Göç, Mültecilik ve İnsanlık, Uluslararası Akademik Tebligler Kitabı 1. Cilt, Kocaeli Kartepe Zirvesi, (26-28 Ekim 2018) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334811528 Erişim 11/01/2022
  56. Papastergiadis, Nicos. (2000), The Turbulence of Migration: Globalization, Deterritorialization and Hybridity, Cambridge: Polity Press
  57. Portes, Alejandro. (1978), “Towarda Structural Analysis of Illegal (undocumented) Immigration”, International Migration Review, 12(4), pp.469-484. Doi:10.1177/01979183780120040 erişim 02-08-2022
  58. Rapport, Frances; Wainwright, Paul. (2006), “Phenomenology as a Paradigm of Movement”, Nursing Inquiry 13(3), pp. 228-36 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2006.00325.x
  59. Said, Edward. (2015), Sürgün Üzerine Düşünceler. Çev., Salih Özer, Ankara: Hece Yayınları
  60. Said, Edward. (2005), Yersiz Yurtsuz, çev., Aylin Üçler, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları
  61. Schütz, Alfred. (2018), Fenomenoloji ve Toplumsal İlişkiler, Çev.: Adnan Akan, Seyda Kesikoğlu, Ankara: Heretik Yayınları
  62. Sirkeci, Ibrahim.; Cohen, Jeffrey. H.; Privara, A., ve Utku, D. E. (2018), “Migration Letters Endeksi’ne Doğru: Göç Çalışmalarını En Çok Etkileyen Eserler ve Yazarlar”, çev., Deniz Eroğlu Utku, Göç Dergisi, 5(2), pp. 219-244. https://doi.org/10.33182/gd.v5i2.606. Erişim 04-01-2022
  63. Sironi, Alice; Bauloz, Celine; M. Emmanuel (eds.), (2019), Glossary on Migration, International Migration Law, No. 34. Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM).
  64. Smith, Jonathan A. (2018), "’Yes it is Phenomenological’: A Reply to Max Van Manen’s Critique of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis", Qualitative Health Research 28.12, pp. 1955-1958. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318799577
  65. Smith, Jonathan. A. (2016), “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Getting at Lived Experience”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 303–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262622.
  66. Smith, Jonathan, A. (2010). “Evaluating the Contribution of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis”, Health Psychology Review, 5(1), 9–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2010.510659.
  67. Smith, Jonathan A. (2010b), "Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: A Reply to Amedeo Giorgi." Existential Analysis, vol. 21, no. 2, July 2010, pp. 186-193, Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A288874193/AONE?u=anon~e6c32c6e&sid=googleScholar&xid=fd174333. Accessed 21 Mar. 2025.
  68. Smith, Jonathan. A.; Flower, P.; Larkin, M. (2009), Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research, London: Sage.
  69. Smythe, Elizabeth A., et al. (2008), "Doing Heideggerian Hermeneutic Research: A Discussion Paper", International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45.9, pp. 1389-1397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2007.09.005.
  70. Soy, Gökçe Olga. (2022), ‘Being-at-home’ and Homelessness: an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of the Experiences of Syrian Involuntary Immigrants Living in Istanbul, Turkey, Doctoral Thesis, Middlesex University: New School of Psychotherapy and Counselling Psychology.
  71. Şan, Emre. (2015), “Merleau-Ponty Hakkında”, Merleau-Ponty: Fikir Mimarları – 31 içinde. İstanbul: Say Yayınları, ss. 35-199
  72. Tonner, Pihilip. (2018), Dwelling: Heidegger, Archaeology, Mortality, Routledge: London
  73. Tsagarousianou, Roza. (2022), “Time and Mobility/Immobility: The Chronopolitics of Mobility and the Temporalities of Suffering and Hope in Situations of Encampment”, Mobilities, 18(2), pp. 267–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/17450101.2022.2088297.
  74. Vallelly, Neil. (2018), “‘The Place was not a Place’: A Critical Phenomenology of Forced Displacement” in The Phenomenology of Real and Virtual Places, Routledge, pp. 204-223.
  75. Van Manen, Max. (2016a), Researching Lived Experience: Human Science for an Action Sensitive Pedagogy, 2. Ed., Routledge.
  76. Van Manen, Max. (2016b), Phenomenology of Practice: Meaning-Giving Methods in Phenomenological Research and Writing, Routledge.
  77. Van Manen, Max. (2017). “But is it Phenomenology?”, Qualitative Health Research, 27(6), pp.775-779.
  78. Vattimo, Gianni; Zabala, Santiago. (2012), Hermeneutik Komünizm: Heidegger'den Marx'a, çev., Erhan Kuçlu, İstanbul: Monokl yayınları.
  79. Willen, S. Sarah. (2007), “Toward a Critical Phenomenology of ‘Illegality’: State Power, Criminalization, and Abjectivity among Undocumented Migrant Workers in Tel Aviv- Israel”, International Migration. 45 (3), 8–38. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2435.2007.00409.x.
  80. Williams, Heat. (2021), “The Meaning of ‘Phenomenology’: Qualitative and Philosophical Phenomenological Research Methods”. The Qualitative Report, 26(2), 366-385. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/ 2021.4587.
  81. Yazıcı, Meral. (2017), Göç Psikolojisi, Ankara: Pharmakon yayınevi.
  82. Zahavi, Dan. (2019a), Phenomenology: The Basics, London: Routledge.
  83. Zahavi, Dan. (2019b), "Getting it Quite Wrong: Van Manen and Smith on Phenomenology." Qualitative Health Research 29.6, pp. 900-907.
  84. Zahavi, Dan. (2014), “Yönelimsellik ve Bilinç”, çev. Çağlar Koç, Kaygı Dergisi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi, Sayı 22, ss.167-182
  85. Zahavi, Dan. (2003a), Husserl's Phenomenology, California: Stanford University Press.
  86. Zahavi, Dan. (2003b), “How to Investigate Subjectivity: Natorp and Heidegger on Reflection”, Continental Philosophy Review 36, 155–176 https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026046404456 erişim 17-09-2021