SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

THE EFFECT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP ON PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP AND JOB SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF HOTEL BUSINESSES IN MERSIN PROVINCE

Hizmetkâr Liderliğin Psikolojik Sahiplenme ve İş Tatmini Üzerindeki Etkisi: Mersin İli Otel İşletmeleri Örneği

Emel Baykal(Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversites)0009-0004-1965-3404
Hüseyin Aslan(OSMANİYE KORKUT ATA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-0547-1317
Pages
114–145
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The findings indicate that servant leadership positively and significantly influences psychological ownership.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:The aim of this study is to examine the effects of servant leadership on psychological ownership and job satisfaction.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The research was conducted through a survey administered to 259 employees working in hotel enterprises in Mersin.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:The findings indicate that servant leadership positively and significantly influences psychological ownership.
🔬Design:Survey & Empirical Study
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Hizmetkâr liderlik · psikolojik sahiplenme · iş tatmini

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the effects of servant leadership on psychological ownership and job satisfaction. The research was conducted through a survey administered to 259 employees working in hotel enterprises in Mersin. The validity of the scales was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, and the relationships among variables were analyzed through correlation and structural equation modeling. The mediating effect was assessed using the bootstrap method. The findings indicate that servant leadership positively and significantly influences psychological ownership. Furthermore, psychological ownership was found to play a partial mediating role in the relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction.

Özet

Bu çalışmanın amacı, hizmetkâr liderliğin psikolojik sahiplenme ve iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma, Mersin ili otel işletmelerinde çalışan 259 katılımcı üzerinden anket yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeklerin geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile test edilmiş, değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve yapısal eşitlik modeli ile analiz edilmiştir. Aracılık etkisinin değerlendirilmesinde bootstrap yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, hizmetkâr liderliğin psikolojik sahiplenmeyi anlamlı biçimde pozitif etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca psikolojik sahiplenmenin, hizmetkâr liderlik ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracılık rolü üstlendiği tespit edilmiştir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Baykal, E., Aslan, H., *, E. B. (2026). THE EFFECT OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP ON PSYCHOLOGICAL OWNERSHIP AND JOB SATISFACTION: THE CASE OF HOTEL BUSINESSES IN MERSIN PROVINCE. Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 114–145. https://doi.org/10.55044/meusbd.1929997

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (85)

  1. Afsar, B., Badir, Y. F., & Kiani, U. S. (2019). Linking servant leadership and employee innovation: The role of psychological ownership and thriving at work. Journal of Business Research, 98, 370–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.002
  2. Akdöl, B. D. (2015). Hizmetkâr liderliğin iş tatminine etkisi: Bilişim sektöründe bir araştırma (Yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
  3. Akyüz, B. (2016). Yönetimde hizmetkâr liderlik. Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi.
  4. Anderson, K. P. (2005). A correlational analysis of servant leadership and job satisfaction in a religious educational organization (Doctoral dissertation). Dissertation Abstracts International: Section A, Humanities and Social Sciences, 66(01), 239.
  5. Asag-Gau, L., & van Dierendonck, D. (2011). The impact of servant leadership on organisational commitment among the highly talented: The role of challenging work conditions and psychological empowerment. European Journal of International Management, 5(5), 463–483. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2011.042174
  6. Ashgar, A., & Naseer, S. (2017). The impact of servant leadership on follower’s behaviors: The mediating role of psychological empowerment & positive effect. Bahria University Journal of Management & Technology, 1(2), 1–13.
  7. Aslan, M., & Atesoglu, H. (2021). The effect of innovation and participation as workplace values on job satisfaction and the mediating effect of psychological ownership. SAGE Open, 11(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061530
  8. Aslan, H. (2020). Hizmetkâr liderliğin iş tatmini üzerindeki etkisinde psikolojik sahiplenmenin aracı rolü. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 196–212. https://doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v8i1.1403
  9. Avey, J. B., Avolio, B. J., Crossley, C. D., & Luthans, F. (2009). Psychological ownership: Theoretical extensions, measurement and relation to work outcomes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(2), 173–191. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.583
  10. Bambale, A. J. (2013). Relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors: Review of literature and future research directions. Journal of Marketing and Management, 4(1), 1–16.
  11. Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-hall
  12. Barnes, L. L. (2011). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment: An empirical investigation of the effects of servant leadership in distance education programs (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University.
  13. Begenirbaş, M., & Yalçın, R. (2020). Hizmet çalışanlarının iş tatmini ve performansı liderlik algılamalarından etkilenir mi? Hizmetkâr liderlik örneği. Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, 30(1), 25–49. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1173608
  14. Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley.
  15. Boyum, G. (2006). The historical and philosophical influences on Greenleaf’s concept of servant leadership: Setting the stage for scientific theory building. Servant Leadership Research Roundtable, 1–11. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED501687.pdf
  16. Brownell, J. (2010). Leadership in the service of hospitality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 51(3), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965510368651
  17. Celepli Sütbaş, M., & Atilla, G. (2020). Hizmetkâr liderlik ve iş performansı arasındaki iş tatmininin aracılık rolü: Antalya ili örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(3), 237–255.
  18. Chen, Z. X., Aryee, S., & Lee, C. (2009). Test of a mediation model of perceived organizational support. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(1), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.003
  19. Chiniara, M., & Bentein, K. (2016). Linking servant leadership to individual performance: Differentiating the mediating role of autonomy, competence and relatedness need satisfaction. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.08.004
  20. Chikeleze, N., Oti, P., & Nwokolo, C. (2021). The relationship between supervisors’ servant leadership and police officers’ job satisfaction. International Journal of Public Leadership, 17(1), 42–57. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-08-2020-0061
  21. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02310555 Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.
  22. Çetin, H. (2014). Otel işletmelerinde hizmetkâr liderliğin çalışanların iş tatmini ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine etkisi (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Nevşehir. Erişim adresi: https://acikerisim.nevsehir.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.11787/1024
  23. Çoban, C. (2019). Okul müdürlerinin hizmetkâr liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkiler (Yüksek lisans tezi). Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.
  24. Dahleez, K., Aboramadan, M., & Bansal, G. (2021). Servant leadership and emotional commitment in higher education: The role of psychological ownership and person organization fit. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(6), 1446–1466. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-03-2020-2105
  25. Dahleez, K., & Aboramadan, M. (2025). Servant leadership and job satisfaction in higher education: the mediating roles of organizational justice and organizational trust. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 28(4), 853–874. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2022.2052753
  26. Demirkaya, H., & Şimşek Kandemir, A. (2014). 21. yüzyılın anahtar rekabet faktörü olan psikolojik sahiplenme üzerine bir işletme incelemesi. Çalışma Dünyası Dergisi, 2(3), 7 21.https://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php?lng=0&pdf=0018892&utm_source=ch atgpt.com
  27. Ding, D., Lu, H., Song, Y., & Lu, Q. (2012). Relationship of servant leadership and employee loyalty: The mediating role of employee satisfaction. iBusiness, 4(3), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.4236/ib.2012.43026
  28. Doğan, S., & Aslan, M. (2018). Psikolojik sermaye, içsel motivasyon ve iş tatmini ilişkisi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(3), 112–125. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ohuiibf/issue/38714/423129
  29. Drury, S. (2004). Employee perceptions of servant leadership: Comparisons by level and with job satisfaction and organizational commitment (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Regent University, School of Leadership Studies.
  30. Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
  31. Eren, F. (2017). Hizmetkâr liderlik ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki: Bir havayolu şirketi örneği (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Erişim: https://acikerisim.ticaret.edu.tr/server/api/core/bitstreams/981be38c-c1e7-4ee6-a93d fe305710ecac/content
  32. Eren, E. (2000). Örgütsel davranış ve yönetim psikolojisi (7. baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  33. Erkutlu, H. V. (2014). Liderlik, kuramlar ve yeni bakış açıları. Ankara: Efil Yayınevi.
  34. Georgolopoulos, V., Papaloi, E., & Loukorou, K. (2018). Servant leadership as a predictive factor of teachers’ job satisfaction. European Journal of Education, 1(2), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejed.v1i2.p15-28
  35. Ghafoor, A., Qureshi, T. M., Khan, M. A., & Hijazi, S. T. (2011). Transformational leadership, employee engagement and performance: Mediating effect of psychological ownership. African Journal of Business Management, 5(17), 7391–7403. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.126
  36. Güler, N., & Şimşek, T. (2024). The relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction: Research on teachers. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 7(2), 502 514. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1496276
  37. Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri: Felsefe–yöntem–analiz (3. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  38. Gürbüz, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde veri analizi ve istatistik uygulamaları (2. baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  39. Greenleaf, R.G. (1977), Servant Leadership: A Journey in the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness, Paulist Press, New York, NY.
  40. Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(76)90016-7
  41. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  42. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  43. Hoch, J., Bommer, W., Dulebohn, J., & Wu, D. (2018). Do ethical, authentic, and servant leadership explain variance above and beyond transformational leadership? A meta analysis. Journal of Management, 44(2), 501–529.
  44. Işık, M., & Uçar, Z. (2019). İş tatmini psikolojik sahiplenme ilişkisinde lider üye etkileşiminin düzenleyicilik etkisi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(4), 1119–1145. https://doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.506797
  45. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). The teacher’s role in implementing cooperative learning in the classroom. In R. M. Gillies, A. F. Ashman, & J. Terwel (Eds.), Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning: The teacher’s role (pp. 9–38). New York, NY: Springer.
  46. Irving, J. A., & Longbotham, G. J. (2007). Team effectiveness and six essential servant leadership themes: A regression model based on items in the Organizational Leadership Assessment. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(2), 98–113.
  47. Dutta, S., & Khatri, P. (2017). Servant leadership and positive organizational behaviour: The road ahead to reduce employees’ turnover intentions. On the Horizon, 25(1), 60–82. https://doi.org/10.1108/OTH-06-2016-0029
  48. Kılıç, K. C., & Aydın, Y. (2016). Hizmetkâr Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(30), 106-113. Erişim adresi: https://earsiv.kmu.edu.tr/items/4124c0aa-b0c0-44a7-84eb-77f74b45ad9f
  49. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. The Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.002
  50. Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Liao, C., & Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant Leadership and Serving Culture: Influence On İndividual And Unit Performance. Academy Of Management Journal, 57(5), 1434-1452.
  51. Ling, Q., Lin, M., and Wu, X. (2016). The Trickle-Down Effect of Servant Leadership on Frontline Employee Service Behaviors and Performance: A Multilevel Study Of Chinese Hotels. Tourism Management, 52, 341-368.
  52. Mayer, D. M., Bardes, M., & Piccolo, R. F. (2008). Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(2), 180–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701564347
  53. Mayhew, M. G., Ashkanasy, N. M., Bramble, T., & Gardner, J. (2007). A study of the antecedents and consequences of psychological ownership in organizational settings. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(5), 477–500. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.147.5.477-500
  54. Md-Sidin, S., Sambasivan, M., & Ismail, I. (2010). Relationship between work-family conflict and quality of life: The mediating role of psychological ownership. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(3), 57–67.
  55. Mustafa, M., Martin, L., & Hughes, M. (2016). Psychological ownership, job satisfaction, and middle manager entrepreneurial behavior. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23(3), 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051815627360
  56. Neubert, M. J., Hunter, E. M., and Tolentino, R. C. (2016). A Servant Leader and Their Stakeholders: When Does Organizational Structure Enhance a Leader’s Influence?, The Leadership Quarterly, 27(6), 896-910.
  57. Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. https://www.scribd.com/document/366667341/Jum-Nunnally-Ira-Bernstein Psychometric-Theory
  58. O’Driscoll, M. P., Pierce, J. L., & Coghlan, A. M. (2006). The psychology of ownership: Work environment structure, organizational commitment, and citizenship behaviors. Group & Organization Management,31(3),388–416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601104273066
  59. Ozturk, A., Karatepe, O. M., & Okumus, F. (2021). The effect of servant leadership on hotel employees’ behavioral consequences: Work engagement versus job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 97, 102994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102994
  60. Ötken, A. B. (2015). Algılanan örgütsel destek ve psikolojik sahiplenme arasındaki ilişki ve bu ilişkide örgütsel adaletin rolü. Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(2), 113-140. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/huniibf/article/103738
  61. Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2001). Toward a theory of psychological ownership in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 298–310. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2001.4378028
  62. Pierce, J. L., Kostova, T., & Dirks, K. T. (2003). The state of psychological ownership: Integrating and extending a century of research. Review of General Psychology, 7(1), 84–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.7.1.84
  63. Pierce, J. L., O’Driscoll, M. P., & Coghlan, A. M. (2004). Work environment structure and psychological ownership: The mediating effects of control. Journal of Social Psychology, 144(5), 507–534. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.144.5.507-534
  64. Polat, M., & Meydan, C. H. (2021). Hizmetkâr liderliğin psikolojik sahiplenme üzerindeki etkisi. İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 8(1), 1–14.
  65. Rashid, A. M. M., & Ilkhanizadeh, S. (2022). The effect of servant leadership on job outcomes: The mediating role of trust in coworkers. Frontiers in Communication, 7, 928066. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.928066:
  66. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2006). Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: Does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?, Journal of Personality, 74(6), 1557–1586. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00420.x
  67. Sabuncuoğlu, Z., & Tüz, M. V. (2013). Örgütsel psikoloji. Alfa Aktüel Yayınları.
  68. Sieger, P., Bernhard, F., & Frey, U. (2011). Affective commitment and job satisfaction among non-family employees: Investigating the roles of psychological ownership and stewardship climate. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2(2), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2011.03.001
  69. Sirota, D., Mischkind, L. A., & Meltzer, M. I. (2005). The enthusiastic employee: How companies profit by giving workers what they want. Wharton School Publishing.
  70. Spears, L. C. (2010). Character and servant leadership: Ten characteristics of effective, caring leaders. The journal of virtues & leadership, 1(1), 25-30.
  71. Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F., & Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servant leadership: A difference in leader focus. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(4), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730410538671
  72. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson Education.
  73. Turunç, Ö., & Çelik, M. (2012). Algılanan örgütsel destek ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişkiler: Örgütsel özdeşleşmenin aracılık rolü. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(2), 103–121.
  74. Van der Hoven, A. G., Mahembe, B., & Hamman-Fisher, D. (2021). The influence of servant leadership on psychological empowerment and organisational citizenship on a sample of teachers. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, a1395. https://sajhrm.co.za/index.php/sajhrm/article/view/1395
  75. Van Dyne, L., & Pierce, J. L. (2004). Psychological ownership and feelings of possession: Three field studies predicting employee attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(4), 439–459. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.249
  76. Van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The servant leadership survey: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(3), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
  77. Van Winkle, B., Allen, S., DeVore, D., & Winston, B. (2014). The relationship between the servant leadership behaviors of immediate supervisors and followers’ perceptions of being empowered in the context of small business. Journal of Leadership Education, 13(3), 70–82. https://doi.org/10.12806/V13/I3/R5
  78. Von Fischer, M., & De Jong, R. (2017). Principals’ servant leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction in Swiss public and private schools. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 20(2), 196–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2015.1028468
  79. Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., & Oke, A. (2010). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 517–529. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018867
  80. Ye, Y., Lyu, Y., & He, Y. (2019). Servant leadership and proactive customer service performance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 31(3), 1330–1347. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2018-0180
  81. Yıldız, B., & Yıldız, H. (2015). The effect of servant leadership on psychological ownership: The moderator role of perceived organizational support. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 9(2), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.20460/JGSM.2015915574
  82. Yılmaz, C., & Ceylan, A. (2016). Hizmetkâr liderlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir çalışma. Uluslararası Yönetim, İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 2(2), 75–90. https://ideas.repec.org/a/aye/journl/v2y2016i2p75-90.html
  83. Yılmaz, H. (2016). İnsan Kaynakları Yöneticilerinin Liderlik Tarzı, Yaratıcı Problem Çözme Kapasitesi ve Kariyer Tatmini Arasındaki İlişkilerin Araştırılması: Ampirik Bir Çalışma. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 4(3), 291-315
  84. Yoshida, D. T., Sendjaya, S., Hirst, G., & Cooper, B. (2014). Does servant leadership foster creativity and innovation? A multi-level mediation study of identification and prototypicality. Journal of Business Research, 67(7), 1395–1404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.08.013
  85. Zorlu, K., Avan, A., & Baytok, A. (2021). Hizmetkâr liderliğin çalışan tutumları üzerindeki etkisi: Psikolojik mekanizmaların rolü. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 8(2), 203–218.