Journals / Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3

KAZAKHSTAN'S DEMOGRAPHIC FUTURE: A DYNAMIC PROJECTION OF AGING AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

KAZAKİSTAN’IN DEMOGRAFİK GELECEĞİ: YAŞLANMANIN DİNAMİK PROJEKSİYONU VE EKONOMİK ÇIKARIMLARI

Can Bekaroğlu(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4033-1897
Ömer Faruk Karaman(ÇANAKKALE ONSEKİZ MART ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0353-9805
Pages
1224–1250
Publication Date
2026-09-30
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

The results indicate that population growth will continue for approximately 25–36 years, reaching a peak of around 25 million before entering a sustained period of decline.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Kazakhstan’s relatively young and healthy demographic profile masks underlying pressures arising from population aging and declining fertility.
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Key Findings & Data:The results indicate that population growth will continue for approximately 25–36 years, reaching a peak of around 25 million before entering a sustained period of decline.
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Conclusion & Impact:The findings suggest that maintaining a family-oriented policy framework supported by financial incentives and childcare assistance will be critical for moderating fertility decline, sustaining future labor supply, and preserving the long-term sustainability of social security systems.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Nüfus Projeksiyonu · Doğum Oranları · Mikrosimülasyon

Abstract

Kazakhstan’s relatively young and healthy demographic profile masks underlying pressures arising from population aging and declining fertility. This study provides an open, data-driven assessment of the country’s medium- and long-term demographic trajectory through a novel dynamic microsimulation framework. To isolate intrinsic demographic dynamics, the model assumes no migration and replaces exogenous age-specific schedules with endogenous feedback mechanisms in which births and deaths respond directly to changes in the population’s age structure. The results indicate that population growth will continue for approximately 25–36 years, reaching a peak of around 25 million before entering a sustained period of decline. At the same time, population aging accelerates, with the average age projected to increase from just over 30 years to between 48 and 58 years within a century. The analysis identifies fertility, rather than mortality, as the primary determinant of long-run demographic outcomes. From an economic perspective, these trends imply a gradual contraction of the working-age population, rising dependency ratios, and growing structural pressure on labor markets. As large working-age cohorts transition into retirement, the balance between contributors and beneficiaries is expected to deteriorate, increasing pressure on social security and pension systems. Although life expectancy is projected to improve, gains at older ages remain sensitive to mortality conditions. The findings suggest that maintaining a family-oriented policy framework supported by financial incentives and childcare assistance will be critical for moderating fertility decline, sustaining future labor supply, and preserving the long-term sustainability of social security systems.

Özet

Kazakistan’ın görece genç ve sağlıklı demografik yapısı, nüfus yaşlanması ve doğurganlıktaki düşüşten kaynaklanan temel baskıları gizlemektedir. Bu çalışma, özgün bir dinamik mikrosimülasyon modeli geliştirerek ülkenin orta ve uzun vadeli demografik seyrine ilişkin açık ve veriye dayalı bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır. İçsel demografik dinamikleri izole edebilmek amacıyla model göçün olmadığı varsayımına dayanmakta ve dışsal yaşa özgü çizelgeler yerine doğum ve ölümlerin değişen yaş yapısına doğrudan tepki verdiği içsel geri besleme mekanizmalarını kullanmaktadır. Bulgular, nüfus artışının yaklaşık 25–36 yıl daha devam ederek 25 milyon civarında zirve yapacağını ve sonrasında kalıcı bir düşüş sürecine gireceğini göstermektedir. Buna paralel olarak nüfus yaşlanması hızlanmakta; ortalama yaşın bir yüzyıl içinde 30 yaşın biraz üzerindeki seviyelerden 48–58 yaş aralığına yükselmesi beklenmektedir. Analiz, uzun dönemli sonuçların temel belirleyicisinin ölüm oranlarından ziyade doğurganlık olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ekonomik açıdan bu eğilimler, çalışma çağındaki nüfusun kademeli olarak daralmasına, bağımlılık oranlarının yükselmesine ve emek piyasaları üzerinde artan yapısal baskılara işaret etmektedir. Mevcut çalışan kuşakların emeklilik yaşlarına ulaşmasıyla birlikte, katkı sağlayanlar ile yararlanıcılar arasındaki dengenin bozulması ve sosyal güvenlik ile emeklilik sistemleri üzerindeki mali baskıların artması beklenmektedir. Yaşam beklentisinin yükselmesi öngörülse de ileri yaşlardaki kazanımlar kırılganlığını korumaktadır. Bulgular, doğurganlıktaki düşüşü yavaşlatmak, gelecekteki işgücü arzını desteklemek ve sosyal güvenlik sistemlerinin sürdürülebilirliğini korumak için mali teşvikler ve çocuk bakım destekleriyle güçlendirilmiş aile dostu politikaların önemine işaret etmektedir.

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Cite This Article

Bekaroğlu, C., Karaman, Ö. F. (2026). KAZAKHSTAN'S DEMOGRAPHIC FUTURE: A DYNAMIC PROJECTION OF AGING AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 3, 1224–1250. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1966657

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