SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3

Examining the implementation of a mindfulness-based intervention for anxiety: A mixed-method, single-case study investigation

Anksiyete için bilinçli farkındalık temelli bir müdahalenin incelenmesi: Karma araştırma yöntemli tek vaka analizi

Aysun Parlar-Yazıcı(Hacettepe University)0000-0002-4220-0532
Alyson Norman(University of Plymouth)0000-0002-4332-6049
Alison Bacon(University of Plymouth)0000-0003-4279-3814
Pages
324–338
Publication Date
2026-03-10
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Quantitative findings indicated reductions in stress (DASS-21: pre-test = 36, post-test = 26), anxiety (pre-test = 30, post-test = 18), and depression (pre-test = 38, post-test = 28) scores from pre- to post-intervention.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This single-case study examines the impact of a 6-week Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) on an individual experiencing anxiety, with a particular focus on intolerance of uncertainty (IU).
📊
Key Findings & Data:Quantitative findings indicated reductions in stress (DASS-21: pre-test = 36, post-test = 26), anxiety (pre-test = 30, post-test = 18), and depression (pre-test = 38, post-test = 28) scores from pre- to post-intervention.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Future research with larger samples is needed to further explore strategies for supporting individuals with high anxiety and IU in maintaining long-term mindfulness practices.
🔬Design:Olgu Sunumu
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:anksiyete · bilinçli farkındalık temelli müdahaleler · beceri geliştirme

Abstract

This single-case study examines the impact of a 6-week Mindfulness-Based Intervention (MBI) on an individual experiencing anxiety, with a particular focus on intolerance of uncertainty (IU). A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative measures with qualitative data from session notes, interviews, and participant feedback. Quantitative findings indicated reductions in stress (DASS-21: pre-test = 36, post-test = 26), anxiety (pre-test = 30, post-test = 18), and depression (pre-test = 38, post-test = 28) scores from pre- to post-intervention. Increases were observed in mindfulness (pre-test = 42, post-test = 64) and resilience (pre-test = 28, post-test = 36), alongside a reduction in intolerance of uncertainty scores (pre-test = 48, post-test = 42). Qualitative findings, drawn from the participant’s own accounts during interviews, session notes, and home practice reflections, described improvements in sleep, greater relaxation and calmness, as well as enhanced self-confidence and self-awareness. The perceived effects of the intervention were influenced by participant-related factors (symptom severity, readiness, patience, and challenges in habit change), program-related factors (session length and the absence of a practitioner during home practice), and environmental factors (the need for a distraction-free space). These findings highlight the context-specific nature of MBI outcomes and suggest that individualized support and tailored approaches may be important for sustaining potential benefits. Future research with larger samples is needed to further explore strategies for supporting individuals with high anxiety and IU in maintaining long-term mindfulness practices.

Özet

Bu tek vaka çalışması, altı haftalık bir Bilinçli Farkındalık Temelli Müdahale programının anksiyete yaşayan bir birey üzerindeki etkilerini, özellikle belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük boyutunda incelemektedir. Araştırmada, nicel değerlendirme verileri ile oturum notları, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ve katılımcı geribildirimlerinden elde edilen nitel veriler bir arada analiz edilmiştir. Nicel bulgular, müdahale sonrası stres (DASS-21: ön test = 36, son test = 26), kaygı (ön test = 30, son test = 18) ve depresyon (ön test = 38, son test = 28) puanlarında azalma olduğunu göstermiştir. Farkındalık (ön test = 42, son test = 64) ve psikolojik dayanıklılık (ön test = 28, son test = 36) düzeylerinde artış, belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük puanlarında ise (ön test = 48, son test = 42) azalma gözlenmiştir. Nitel bulgular ise katılımcının görüşmelerde, oturum notlarında ve ev uygulamaları değerlendirmelerinde dile getirdiği ifadelerden elde edilmiş; uyku problemlerinde azalma, daha fazla rahatlama ve dinginlik, ayrıca artan öz güven ve öz farkındalık bildirilmiştir. Müdahalenin algılanan etkileri, katılımcıya özgü unsurlar (belirti şiddeti, müdahaleye hazır olma, sabır düzeyi ve alışkanlık değiştirmede yaşanan güçlükler), programa ilişkin unsurlar (oturum süresi ve evde yapılan uygulamalarda uzman rehberliğinin eksikliği) ve çevresel faktörler (dikkatin dağılmadığı bir çalışma ortamına duyulan ihtiyaç) tarafından şekillenmiştir. Bu vakanın bulguları, uygulanan müdahalenin sonuçlarının bağlama özgü niteliğini vurgulamakta ve olası yararların sürdürülebilirliği için bireyselleştirilmiş yaklaşımların ve sürekli desteğin önemine işaret etmektedir. Gelecek çalışmalarda, yüksek düzeyde anksiyete ve belirsizliğe toleranssızlık sergileyen bireylerin uzun vadeli bilinçli farkındalık uygulamalarını sürdürmelerini destekleyici stratejilerin daha geniş örneklemlerle incelenmesi önerilmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Parlar-Yazıcı, A., Norman, A., Bacon, A. (2026). Examining the implementation of a mindfulness-based intervention for anxiety: A mixed-method, single-case study investigation. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 324–338. https://doi.org/10.57127/kpd.26024438.1733343

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (62)

  1. Alimehdi, M., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Naderi, F., Eftekharsaadi, Z., & Pasha, R. J. A. S. S. (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety sensitivity among individuals with generalized anxiety disorder. Asian Social Science, 12(4), 179-187.
  2. Bandelow, B., & Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327–335.
  3. Batink, T., Peeters, F., Geschwind, N., van Os, J., & Wichers, M. (2013). How does MBCT for depression work? Studying cognitive and affective mediation pathways. PLOS ONE, 8(8), e72778.
  4. Baxter, P., & Jack, S. (2008). Qualitative case study methodology: Study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, 13(4), 544-559.
  5. Baškarada, S. (2014). Qualitative case studies guidelines. The Qualitative Report, 19(40), 1-25.
  6. Bhattacharya, S., & Hofmann, S. G. (2023). Mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety and depression. Clinics in Integrated Care, 16, 100138.
  7. Bomyea, J., Ramsawh, H., Ball, T. M., Taylor, C. T., Paulus, M. P., Lang, A. J., & Stein, M. B. (2015). Intolerance of uncertainty as a mediator of reductions in worry in a cognitive behavioral treatment program for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 33, 90-94.
  8. Bossi, F., Zaninotto, F., D’Arcangelo, S., Lattanzi, N., Malizia, A. P., & Ricciardi, E. (2022). Mindfulness-based online intervention increases well-being and decreases stress after Covid-19 lockdown. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 6483.
  9. Boswell, J. F., Thompson‐Hollands, J., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2013). Intolerance of uncertainty: A common factor in the treatment of emotional disorders. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 630-645.
  10. Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848.
  11. Buhr, K., & Dugas, M. J. (2009). The role of fear of anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty in worry: An experimental manipulation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(3), 215–223.
  12. Carleton, R. N. (2012). The intolerance of uncertainty construct in the context of anxiety disorders: Theoretical and practical perspectives. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 12(8), 937–947.
  13. Carleton, R. N. (2016). Fear of the unknown: One fear to rule them all? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 5–21.
  14. Carleton, R. N., Norton, M. A. P. J., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Fearing the unknown: A short version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21(1), 105–117.
  15. Carmody, J., Baer, R. A., LB Lykins, E., & Olendzki, N. (2009). An empirical study of the mechanisms of mindfulness in a mindfulness‐based stress reduction program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(6), 613-626.
  16. Chen, C. Y., & Hong, R. Y. (2010). Intolerance of uncertainty moderates the relation between negative life events and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(1), 49-53.
  17. Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18(2), 76–82.
  18. Coombs, N. C., Meriwether, W. E., Caringi, J., & Newcomer, S. R. (2021). Barriers to healthcare access among US adults with mental health challenges: A population-based study. Ssm-population Health, 15, 100847.
  19. Crane, C., Crane, R. S., Eames, C., Fennell, M. J., Silverton, S., Williams, J. M. G., & Barnhofer, T. (2014). The effects of amount of home meditation practice in mindfulness based cognitive therapy on hazard of relapse to depression in the Staying Well after Depression Trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 63, 17-24.
  20. Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., Sullivan, G., Sherbourne, C., Bystritsky, A., Rose, R. D.,. & Roy-Byrne, P. (2011). Disorder-specific impact of coordinated anxiety learning and management treatment for anxiety disorders in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(4), 378-388.
  21. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
  22. Curtiss, J. E., Levine, D. S., Ander, I., & Baker, A. W. (2021). Cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety and stress-related disorders. Focus, 19(2), 184-189.
  23. Deyo, M., Wilson, K. A., Ong, J., & Koopman, C. (2009). Mindfulness and Rumination: Does Mindfulness Training Lead to Reductions in the Ruminative Thinking Associated with Depression? Explore, 5(5), 265-271.
  24. Downe-Wamboldt, B. (1992). Content analysis: method, applications, and issues. Health Care for Women International, 13(3), 313-321.
  25. Dugas, M. J., & Robichaud, M. (2019). Cognitive-behavioral treatment for generalized anxiety disorder: From science to practice (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  26. Elo, S., Kääriäinen, M., Kanste, O., Pölkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyngäs, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open, 4(1), 1-10.
  27. Enkema, M. C., McClain, L., Bird, E. R., Halvorson, M. A., & Larimer, M. E. (2020). Associations between mindfulness and mental health outcomes: A systematic review of ecological momentary assessment research. Mindfulness, 11, 2455-2469.
  28. Fazia, T., Bubbico, F., Nova, A., Buizza, C., Cela, H., Iozzi, D., Calgan, B., Maggi, F., Floris, V., Sutti, I., Bruno, S., Ghilardi, A., & Bernardinelli, L. (2023). Improving stress management, anxiety, and mental well-being in medical students through an online Mindfulness-Based Intervention: a randomized study. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 8214.
  29. Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83.
  30. Gustafsson, J. (2017). Single case studies vs multiple case studies: A comparative study. Academy of Business, Engineering and Science, Halmstad University.
  31. Hawley, L. L., Schwartz, D., Bieling, P. J., Irving, J., Corcoran, K., Farb, N. A.,. & Segal, Z. V. (2014). Mindfulness practice, rumination and clinical outcome in mindfulness-based treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 1-9.
  32. Heath, C., Sommerfield, A., & von Ungern‐Sternberg, B. S. (2020). Resilience strategies to manage psychological distress among healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a narrative review. Anaesthesia, 75(10), 1364-1371.
  33. Hjeltnes, A., Molde, H., Schanche, E., Vøllestad, J., Lillebostad Svendsen, J., Moltu, C., & Binder, P. E. (2017). An open trial of mindfulness‐based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 58(1), 80-90.
  34. Hofmann, S. G., & Gómez, A. F. (2017). Mindfulness-based interventions for anxiety and depression. Psychiatric Clinics, 40(4), 739-749.
  35. Jensen, D., Cohen, J. N., Mennin, D. S., Fresco, D. M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2016). Clarifying the unique associations among intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and depression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 45(6), 431-444.
  36. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982). An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: Theoretical considerations and preliminary results. General Hospital Psychiatry, 4(1), 33–47.
  37. Kabat-Zinn, J. (2013). Full catastrophe living: How to cope with stress, pain and illness using mindfulness meditation (Rev. ed.). Piatkus.
  38. Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V.,. & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763-771.
  39. Kim, M. K., Lee, K. S., Kim, B., Choi, T. K., & Lee, S. H. (2016). Impact of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on intolerance of uncertainty in patients with panic disorder. Psychiatry Investigation, 13(2), 196-202.
  40. Knapp, M., Funk, M., Curran, C., Prince, M., Grigg, M., & McDaid, D. (2006). Economic barriers to better mental health practice and policy. Health Policy and Planning, 21(3), 157-170.
  41. Kreuter, M. W., Strecher, V. J., & Glassman, B. (1999). One size does not fit all: the case for tailoring print materials. Ann Behav Med, 21(4), 276-283.
  42. Kuyken, W., Byford, S., Taylor, R. S., Watkins, E., Holden, E., White, K., Barrett, B., Byng, R., Evans, A., Mullan, E., & Teasdale, J. D. (2008). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to prevent relapse in recurrent depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 966-978.
  43. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation.
  44. Masheder, J., Fjorback, L., & Parsons, C. E. (2020). “I am getting something out of this, so I am going to stick with it”: supporting participants’ home practice in Mindfulness-Based Programmes. BMC Psychology, 8(1), 1-14.
  45. McConville, J., McAleer, R., & Hahne, A. (2017). Mindfulness training for health profession students—the effect of mindfulness training on psychological well-being, learning and clinical performance of health professional students: a systematic review of randomized and non-randomized controlled trials. Explore, 13(1), 26-45.
  46. McVeigh, C., Ace, L., Ski, C. E., Carswell, C., Burton, S., Soham, R., & Noble, H. (2021). Mindfulness-based interventions for undergraduate nursing students in a university setting: A narrative review. Healthcare, 9(11), 1493.
  47. Motalebi, G., & Vojdanzadeh, L. (2015). Effect of physical environmental of medical space in reducing patients’ anxiety and stress (case study: a dental office). Honar-ha-Ye-ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 20(2), 35-46.
  48. Oguntuase, S. B., & Sun, Y. (2022). Effects of mindfulness training on resilience, self-confidence and emotion regulation of elite football players: The mediating role of locus of control. Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2(3), 198-205.
  49. Parlar‐Yazıcı, A., Norman, A., & Bacon, A. (2025). Exploring anxiety, uncertainty perception, treatment experiences and coping strategies: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 25(1), e12872.
  50. Parsons, C. E., Crane, C., Parsons, L. J., Fjorback, L. O., & Kuyken, W. (2017). Home practice in Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of participants' mindfulness practice and its association with outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 95, 29-41.
  51. Price‑Blackshear, M. A., Pratscher, S. D., Oyler, D. L., Armer, J. M., Cheng, A.-L., Cheng, M. X., Records, K., Udmuangpia, T., Carson, J. W., & Bettencourt, B. A. (2020). Online couples mindfulness-based intervention for young breast cancer survivors and their partners: a randomized-control trial. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 38(5), 592-611.
  52. Reiling, J., Hughes, R. G., & Murphy, M. R. (2008). The impact of facility design on patient safety. In R. G. Hughes (Ed.), Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
  53. Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Livingston, W. S., Wu, T., & Gill, J. M. (2019). The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1445(1), 5-16.
  54. Smit, B., & Stavrulaki, E. (2021). The efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for college students under extremely stressful conditions. Mindfulness, 12, 3086-3100.
  55. Strohmaier, S., Jones, F. W., & Cane, J. E. (2021). Effects of length of mindfulness practice on mindfulness, depression, anxiety, and stress: A randomized controlled experiment. Mindfulness, 12, 198-214.
  56. Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000). Prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 615-623.
  57. Witarto, B. S., Visuddho, V., Witarto, A. P., Bestari, D., Sawitri, B., Melapi, T. A. S., & Wungu, C. D. K. (2022). Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Plos One, 17(9), e0274177.
  58. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications (Vol. 6). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  59. Zlomuzica, A., Kodzaga, I., Piovesan, K., & Lipp, A. (2025). Treating anxiety comorbidity: Lessons from exposure generalization studies. Behavioural Brain Research, 481, 115409.
  60. Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., Sullivan, G., Sherbourne, C., Bystritsky, A., Rose, R. D.,. & Roy-Byrne, P. (2011). Disorder-specific impact of coordinated anxiety learning and management treatment for anxiety disorders in primary care. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(4), 378-388.
  61. Hawley, L. L., Schwartz, D., Bieling, P. J., Irving, J., Corcoran, K., Farb, N. A.,. & Segal, Z. V. (2014). Mindfulness practice, rumination and clinical outcome in mindfulness-based treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 38, 1-9.
  62. Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V.,. & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: A comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763-771.