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Journals / Sosyoekonomi / 2026 / Cilt: 34 Sayı: 67

Revisiting the Kuznets Hypothesis: The Role of HDI and GDP in High and Upper-Middle Income Countries (1990-2018) Using Panel Data

Kuznets Hipotezinin Yeniden Değerlendirilmesi: Panel Veri Analizleri ile Yüksek ve Üst-Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde İGE ve GSYH'nin Rolü (1990-2018)

Damla Gökmen Demirci(BARTIN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, İKTİSAT BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-0570-8388
Orhan Kandemir(KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, İKTİSAT BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0002-9274-3420
Asiye Tütüncü(KASTAMONU ÜNİVERSİTESİ, İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ, FİNANS VE BANKACILIK BÖLÜMÜ)0000-0001-9473-9401
Pages
403–426
Publication Date
2026-01-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings indicate a pronounced U-shaped relationship in both country groups and suggest that HDI explains income inequality more effectively than GDP per capita.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the Kuznets hypothesis in high and upper-middle-income countries from 1990 to 2018 using panel data analysis.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) test assesses cointegration, while the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) approach estimates long-term coefficients.
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Conclusion & Impact:Findings indicate a pronounced U-shaped relationship in both country groups and suggest that HDI explains income inequality more effectively than GDP per capita.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2018 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Kuznets Hipotezi · İGE · Gelir Eşitsizliği

Abstract

This study examines the Kuznets hypothesis in high and upper-middle-income countries from 1990 to 2018 using panel data analysis. Income inequality dynamics are analysed with two economic development indicators: the Human Development Index (HDI) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Two models are built to conduct cointegration analysis and estimate long-run coefficients. The Westerlund and Edgerton (2007) test assesses cointegration, while the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) approach estimates long-term coefficients. Findings indicate a pronounced U-shaped relationship in both country groups and suggest that HDI explains income inequality more effectively than GDP per capita.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 1990-2018 döneminde yüksek ve üst-orta gelirli ülkelerde Kuznets hipotezini panel veri analizi ile incelemektedir. Gelir eşitsizliği dinamikleri, İnsani Gelişme Endeksi (HDI) ve kişi başına Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH) olmak üzere iki ekonomik kalkınma göstergesiyle analiz edilmiştir. Eşbütünleşme analizi ve uzun dönem katsayılarını tahmin etmek için iki model oluşturulmuştur. Westerlund ve Edgerton (2007) testi eşbütünleşmeyi, Genişletilmiş Ortalama Grup (AMG) yaklaşımı ise uzun dönem katsayılarını tahmin etmektedir. Bulgular, her iki ülke grubunda belirgin bir U şeklinde ilişki olduğunu ve HDI’nin gelir eşitsizliğini GSYİH’den daha iyi açıkladığını göstermektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Demirci, D. G., Kandemir, O., Tütüncü, A. (2026). Revisiting the Kuznets Hypothesis: The Role of HDI and GDP in High and Upper-Middle Income Countries (1990-2018) Using Panel Data. Sosyoekonomi, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 67, 403–426. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2026.01.17

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