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Journals / Sosyoekonomi / 2026 / Cilt: 34 Sayı: 69

Digitalisation and Economic Performance: The Impact of ICT on Tourism, Exports and Investments

Dijitalleşme ve Ekonomik Performans: BİT’in Turizm, İhracat ve Yatırımlar Üzerindeki Etkisi

Cansu Çilingir Kara(BEYKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-5923-9700
Meliha Sena Yıldırgan(BEYKENT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0996-7616
Pages
207–221
Publication Date
2026-07-31
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Contrary to the existing literature, empirical findings indicate that ICT expenditures have statistically significant negative long-term relationships with all three economic variables: exports (coefficient = -1,62, p = 0,04), tourism (coefficient = -0,56, p = 0,00), and FDI (coefficient = -1,55, p = 0,00).

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:This study examines the long- and short-term effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments on tourism, export, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in 12 developing economies during the period 1995-2020.
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Key Findings & Data:To account for cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity, and serial correlation in the panel data, the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) estimator developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (1999) was employed.
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Conclusion & Impact:Contrary to the existing literature, empirical findings indicate that ICT expenditures have statistically significant negative long-term relationships with all three economic variables: exports (coefficient = -1,62, p = 0,04), tourism (coefficient = -0,56, p = 0,00), and FDI (coefficient = -1,55, p = 0,00).
🔬Design:Lab & Field Experiment
📍Scope:2020 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri · Turizm Gelirleri · İhracat

Abstract

This study examines the long- and short-term effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) investments on tourism, export, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in 12 developing economies during the period 1995-2020. To account for cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity, and serial correlation in the panel data, the Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) estimator developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (1999) was employed. Contrary to the existing literature, empirical findings indicate that ICT expenditures have statistically significant negative long-term relationships with all three economic variables: exports (coefficient = -1,62, p = 0,04), tourism (coefficient = -0,56, p = 0,00), and FDI (coefficient = -1,55, p = 0,00). Notably, while the error-correction terms for exports and tourism indicate stable convergence to equilibrium (-0,78 and -0,77, respectively), the FDI model yields an error-correction coefficient of -1,83, suggesting an oscillatory, potentially unstable adjustment process. The results suggest that ICT investments may negatively affect these key indicators in the long term in the context examined, and emphasise the importance of complementary policies to unlock their positive potential.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 1995-2020 döneminde 12 gelişmekte olan ekonomide Bilgi ve İletişim Teknolojileri (BİT) yatırımlarının turizm, ihracat ve doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar (DYY) üzerindeki uzun ve kısa vadeli etkilerini incelemektedir. Panel verilerindeki kesitsel bağımlılık, heterojenlik ve seri korelasyonu hesaba katmak için Pesaran, Shin ve Smith (1999) tarafından geliştirilen Havuzlanmış Ortalama Grup Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme (PMG-ARDL) tahmincisi kullanılmıştır. Mevcut literatürün aksine, ampirik bulgular, BİT harcamalarının üç ekonomik değişkenle de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif uzun vadeli ilişkiler içinde olduğunu göstermektedir: ihracat (katsayı = -1,62, p = 0,04), turizm (katsayı = -0,56, p = 0,00) ve DYY (katsayı = -1,55, p = 0,00). Özellikle, ihracat ve turizm için hata düzeltme terimleri dengeye doğru istikrarlı bir yakınsamayı gösterirken (-0,78 ve -0,77, sırasıyla), doğrudan yabancı yatırım modeli -1,83’lük bir hata düzeltme katsayısı vermekte olup, bu da salınımlı ve potansiyel olarak istikrarsız bir uyum sürecine işaret etmektedir. Sonuçlar, ICT yatırımlarının incelenen bağlamda uzun vadede bu temel göstergeler üzerinde olumsuz bir etkiye sahip olabileceğini ve olumlu potansiyeli ortaya çıkarmak için tamamlayıcı politikaların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Kara, C. Ç., Yıldırgan, M. S. (2026). Digitalisation and Economic Performance: The Impact of ICT on Tourism, Exports and Investments. Sosyoekonomi, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 69, 207–221. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2026.03.09

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