Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 52

Association of SUVmax with Malignancy in Focal FDG-Avid Thyroid Incidentalomas

Fokal FDG-Tutulumlu Tiroid İnsidentalomalarında SUVmax'ın Malignite ile İlişkisi

Hikmet Öztop(Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-0199-3791
Fazıl Cagrı Hunutlu(Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Sehir Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.)0000-0002-4991-9830
Elif İşleyen Çolak(Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye.)0009-0005-0073-2329
Seckin Bilgic(Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-3429-7549
Ahmet Bilgehan Şahin(Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-7846-0870
Özen Öz Gül(Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-1332-4165
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-03-16
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

However, SUVmax should be interpreted alongside clinical and ultrasonographic findings, not as a standalone decision-making tool.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Thyroid incidentalomas (TIs) detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) are associated with an increased risk of malignancy, particularly in the presence of focal FDG uptake.
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Key Findings & Data:A total of 53 patients were included, with 13 (24.5%) having malignant thyroid lesions.
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Conclusion & Impact:However, SUVmax should be interpreted alongside clinical and ultrasonographic findings, not as a standalone decision-making tool.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Tiroid İncidentaloma · FDG PET/CT · SUVmax

Abstract

Thyroid incidentalomas (TIs) detected on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) are associated with an increased risk of malignancy, particularly in the presence of focal FDG uptake. While quantitative PET/CT parameters, such as the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), have been extensively studied, current management guidelines primarily rely on nodule size and ultrasonographic features. This study aimed to evaluate whether PET/CT-derived radiological parameters provide additional information for malignancy in FDG-avid TIs. This retrospective single-center study included patients with focal FDG-avid thyroid incidentalomas detected on PET/CT who underwent ultrasonographic evaluation and cytological and/or histopathological confirmation. Demographic characteristics, metabolic parameters derived from PET/CT scans, ultrasonographic findings and anatomical localization were documented. Benign and malignant lesions were compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the optimal SUVmax cut-off value and logistic regression analyses were employed to identify variables independently associated with malignancy. A total of 53 patients were included, with 13 (24.5%) having malignant thyroid lesions. Malignant nodules demonstrated significantly higher SUVmax values than benign nodules (p=0.008). ROC analysis established a SUVmax cut-off value of 5.8 for discrimination between benign and malignant nodules (AUC: 0.748). Isthmus localization also remained significant in multivariate analysis (p=0.037). No other morphologic or ultrasonographic parameters were significant. In cases of focal FDG-avid TIs, an SUVmax value of ≥5.8 is associated with an increased risk of malignancy and may provide complementary information in risk stratification. However, SUVmax should be interpreted alongside clinical and ultrasonographic findings, not as a standalone decision-making tool.

Özet

18F-Florodeoksiglukoz pozitron emisyon tomografisi/bilgisayarlı tomografi (FDG PET/BT) ile saptanan tiroid insidentalomaları (Tİ’ler), özellikle fokal FDG tutulumu varlığında, artmış malignite riski ile ilişkilidir. Maksimum standartlaştırılmış tutulum değeri (SUVmax) gibi kantitatif PET/BT parametreleri kapsamlı şekilde incelenmiş olsa da, mevcut yönetim kılavuzları esas olarak nodül boyutu ve ultrasonografik özelliklere dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, FDG tutulumu olan Tİ’lerde PET/BT’den elde edilen radyolojik parametrelerin malignite açısından ek bilgi sağlayıp sağlamadığını değerlendirmektir. Bu retrospektif, tek merkezli çalışmaya PET/BT’de fokal FDG tutulumu olan Tİ saptanan, ultrasonografik değerlendirme ve sitolojik ve/veya histopatolojik doğrulama yapılan hastalar dahil edilmiştir. Demografik özellikler, PET/BT görüntülerinden elde edilen metabolik parametreler, ultrasonografik bulgular ve anatomik lokalizasyon kaydedilmiştir. Benign ve malign lezyonlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Optimal SUVmax cut-off değerini belirlemek için ROC analizi yapılmış ve malignite ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili değişkenleri belirlemek amacıyla lojistik regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Toplam 53 hasta dahil edilmiş olup, bunların 13’ünde (%24,5) malign tiroid lezyonu saptanmıştır. Malign nodüller, benign nodüllere kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek SUVmax değerleri göstermiştir (p=0,008). ROC analizi, benign ve malign nodülleri ayırt etmek için 5.8’lik bir SUVmax cut-off değeri belirlemiştir (AUC: 0,748). İstmus yerleşimi de çok değişkenli analizde anlamlılığını korumuştur (p=0,037). Diğer morfolojik veya ultrasonografik parametreler anlamlı bulunmamıştır. Fokal FDG tutulumu olan Tİ olgularında, SUVmax ≥5.8 değeri artmış malignite riski ile ilişkilidir ve risk sınıflandırmasında tamamlayıcı bilgi sağlayabilir. Ancak SUVmax, tek başına karar verme aracı olarak değil, klinik ve ultrasonografik bulgularla birlikte yorumlanmalıdır.

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Cite This Article

Öztop, H., Hunutlu, F. C., Çolak, E. İ., Bilgic, S., Şahin, A. B., Gül, Ö. Ö., *, H. Ö. (2026). Association of SUVmax with Malignancy in Focal FDG-Avid Thyroid Incidentalomas. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 52. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1857472

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