Journals / Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 52

Evaluation of Demographic, Clinical, and Radiologic Characteristics of Patients with Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Study

Wernicke Ensefalopatisi Tanılı Hastaların Demografik, Klinik ve Radyolojik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Sarra Elhamida Lazrak(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-5596-5246
Furkan Sarıdaş(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-5945-2317
Gizem Demir Güllü(Kestel Government Hospital, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-9477-5031
Rifat Özpar(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-6649-9287
Emel Oğuz-Akarsu(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-0465-4218
Yasemin Dinç(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0003-0342-5939
Ahmet Bilgehan Şahin(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-7846-0870
Murat Şen(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-1170-7170
Rümeysa Ayşe Güllülü(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-7434-0153
Aylin Bican Demir(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0001-6739-8605
Sevda Erer Özbek(Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Bursa, Türkiye.)0000-0002-2274-3230
Pages
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Publication Date
2026-10-14
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Early diagnosis and thiamine treatment are critically important in preventing neurologic sequelae, especially in high-risk patient groups.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurologic condition caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency that can lead to permanent neurologic damage if not diagnosed and treated early.
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Key Findings & Data:In this retrospective study, the demographic, clinical, etiologic, and radiologic characteristics and functional outcomes of 26 patients aged over 18 years who were diagnosed as having WE and whose diagnoses were supported through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at our center between January 2000 and September 2025 were examined.
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Conclusion & Impact:Early diagnosis and thiamine treatment are critically important in preventing neurologic sequelae, especially in high-risk patient groups.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:2000 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Wernicke Ensefalopatisi · Tiamin Eksikliği · Alkolizm

Abstract

Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurologic condition caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency that can lead to permanent neurologic damage if not diagnosed and treated early. In this retrospective study, the demographic, clinical, etiologic, and radiologic characteristics and functional outcomes of 26 patients aged over 18 years who were diagnosed as having WE and whose diagnoses were supported through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings at our center between January 2000 and September 2025 were examined. The mean age of the patients was 48.35 years, and the majority were female. The most common clinical findings were altered mental status, ataxia, and oculomotor disorders. Etiologically, the most frequent causes were systemic conditions such as chronic alcoholism, cancer, dialysis, and total parenteral nutrition, followed by malabsorption, malnutrition, persistent vomiting, and bariatric surgery. Imaging findings showed medial thalamus involvement as the most prominent feature, and hyperintensity was frequently observed in T2/FLAIR sequences. Patients followed for at least 1 month had an average follow-up period of 14.1 months, and functional status was assessed using the modified Rankin Scale, with an average score of 0.9 ± 1.29. In contrast, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) positivity was significantly higher, particularly in cases associated with cancer, dialysis, and total parenteral nutrition (p=0.016). WE is a condition that can arise from various etiologies, requiring careful clinical and radiologic evaluation. Early diagnosis and thiamine treatment are critically important in preventing neurologic sequelae, especially in high-risk patient groups.

Özet

Wernicke Ensefalopatisi (WE), Tiamin (B1 vitamini) eksikliğine bağlı gelişen ve erken tanı ile tedavi edilmediğinde kalıcı nörolojik hasara yol açabilen akut bir nörolojik tablodur. Bu retrospektif çalışmada, Ocak 2000–Eylül 2025 tarihleri arasında merkezimizde WE tanısı ile değerlendirilen ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) bulguları ile tanısı desteklenen 18 yaş üzeri 26 hastanın demografik, klinik, etiyolojik ve radyolojik özellikleri ile fonksiyonel sonuçları incelendi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 48,35 yıl olup çoğunluğu kadındır. En sık görülen klinik bulgular mental durum değişikliği, ataksi ve okülomotor bozukluklardır. Etiyolojik açıdan en sık nedenler kronik alkolizm, kanser, diyaliz ve total parenteral nütrisyon gibi sistemik durumlar olup bunu malabsorpsiyon, malnütrisyon, persistan kusma ve bariatrik cerrahi izlemektedir. Görüntüleme bulgularında medial talamus tutulumu en belirgin özellik olarak öne çıkarken, T2/FLAIR sekanslarında hiperintensite sık gözlenmiştir. En az bir ay takip edilen hastalarda ortalama takip süresi 14,1 ay olup fonksiyonel durum modifiye Rankin Skalası ile değerlendirilmiş olup ortalama mRS skoru 0,9 ± 1,29 idi. Buna karşın difüzyon ağırlıklı görüntüleme pozitifliğinin özellikle kanser, diyaliz ve total parenteral nütrisyon ilişkili olgularda anlamlı saptanmıştır (p=0,016). Sonuç olarak, Wernicke ensefalopatisi farklı etiyolojik zeminlerde ortaya çıkabilen, klinik ve radyolojik olarak dikkatle değerlendirilmesi gereken, özellikle yüksek riskli hasta gruplarında erken tanı ve tiamin tedavisinin nörolojik sekellerin önlenmesi açısından kritik önem taşıdığı bir tablodur.

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Cite This Article

Lazrak, S. E., Sarıdaş, F., Güllü, G. D., Özpar, R., Oğuz-Akarsu, E., Dinç, Y., Şahin, A. B., Şen, M., Güllülü, R. A., Demir, A. B., Özbek, S. E., *, S. E. L. (2026). Evaluation of Demographic, Clinical, and Radiologic Characteristics of Patients with Wernicke's Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Study. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 52. https://doi.org/10.32708/uutfd.1962543

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