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Journals / Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2025 / Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Gender-Based Income Inequality and Financial Vulnerability in the Turkish Labor Market: A Comparative Analysis Across Stem, Care, and General Sectors (2015–2023)

Türkiye İşgücü Piyasasında Toplumsal Cinsiyet Temelli Gelir Eşitsizliği ve Finansal Kırılganlık: Stem, Bakım ve Genel Sektörler Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analiz (2015–2023)

Muhammed Mustafa Tuncer Çalışkan(BANDIRMA ONYEDİ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-7566-2138
Pages
273–285
Publication Date
2025-12-26
DOI
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Findings reveal that women are predominantly employed in low-paying care sectors while being marginally represented in high-paying Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study investigates gender-based income inequality and informal employment in Türkiye’s labor market from 2015 to 2023, focusing on sectoral, educational, and occupational differences.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Utilizing model-based estimates from the International Labour Organization, it employs descriptive statistical analysis to examine hourly wage gaps and informality rates between male and female workers.
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Conclusion & Impact:Findings reveal that women are predominantly employed in low-paying care sectors while being marginally represented in high-paying Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields.
🔬Design:Modeling & Simulation
📍Scope:2015 Verileri
⚙️Variables:Toplumsal Cinsiyet · Gelir Eşitsizliği · Kayıt Dışı İstihdam

Abstract

This study investigates gender-based income inequality and informal employment in Türkiye’s labor market from 2015 to 2023, focusing on sectoral, educational, and occupational differences. Utilizing model-based estimates from the International Labour Organization, it employs descriptive statistical analysis to examine hourly wage gaps and informality rates between male and female workers. Findings reveal that women are predominantly employed in low-paying care sectors while being marginally represented in high-paying Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields. Despite rising educational attainment, women earn less across all fields and are more likely to work without formal protections when compared with men. These trends highlight a persistent form of gender inequality rooted not only in earnings but also in employment quality and access to social protection. This study argues that such disparities worsen the financial vulnerability of women and limit their broader financial inclusion. It concludes that addressing gender inequality requires a holistic approach—one that goes beyond employment rates to include wage justice, formalization, and inclusive economic policy reform.

Özet

Bu çalışma, 2015–2023 yılları arasında Türkiye işgücü piyasasında toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı gelir eşitsizliği ve kayıt dışı istihdamı sektör, eğitim düzeyi ve meslek temelli farklılıklar üzerinden incelemektedir. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü sağladığı model tabanlı tahminlere dayanan bu analiz, kadın ve erkek çalışanlar arasındaki saatlik ücret farklarını ve kayıt dışılık oranlarını betimsel istatistiksel yöntemlerle karşılaştırmaktadır. Bulgular, kadınların düşük ücretli bakım sektörlerinde yoğunlaştığını ve yüksek ücretli bilim, teknoloji, mühendislik ve matematik alanlarında yetersiz temsil edildiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Tüm eğitim düzeylerinde ise kadınlar erkeklerden daha az saatlik ücret almakta ve sosyal güvenceden yoksun bir şekilde çalışma olasılıkları daha yüksektir. Bu eğilimler, yalnızca ücret eşitsizliğini değil, aynı zamanda iş kalitesi ve ekonomik güvenlik ile ilgili daha geniş sorunları da vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, kadınların finansal kırılganlığının hem ücret farkları hem de istikrarlı istihdam ve sosyal haklara sınırlı erişimle şekillendiğini öne sürmektedir. Toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı eşitsizlikler, bireysel refahın yanı sıra ekonomik istikrar ve kapsayıcı kalkınma açısından da risk oluşturmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Çalışkan, M. M. T. (2025). Gender-Based Income Inequality and Financial Vulnerability in the Turkish Labor Market: A Comparative Analysis Across Stem, Care, and General Sectors (2015–2023). Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 273–285. https://ajindex.com/articles/1132216

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