Journals / Milel ve Nihal / 2026 / Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1

From Libanius’s Rhetorical School to Diodore’s Theological School: A Comparative Analysis of the Theological and Epistemological Thought of John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia

Libanios’un Retorik Okulu’ndan Diodoros’un Teoloji Okulu’na: Ioannes Hrisostomos ve Mopsüestialı Theodoros’un Teolojik ve Epistemolojik Fikirlerine Dair Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çözümleme

Süleyman Dönmez(AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-4251-6665
Hüseyin İstanbullu(AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9633-8377
Pages
93–111
Publication Date
2026-06-30
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Consequently, this article elucidates the historical background through which two minds, shaped by a common curriculum, evolved in different directions: one toward sainthood in the universal church, and the other toward condemnation as a heterodox exegete due to his rigid historicism and rationalism.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This article investigates the theological trajectories of two prominent figures of Late Antique Antioch, John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, by focusing on their transition from the rhetorical school of the pagan sophist Libanius to the Christian theological circle of Diodore of Tarsus.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The primary inquiry of this research concerns the instrumentalization of secular rhetoric and rational analytical methods in interpreting sacred scripture, delineating the boundaries of divine mystery, and constructing Christian theology.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Consequently, this article elucidates the historical background through which two minds, shaped by a common curriculum, evolved in different directions: one toward sainthood in the universal church, and the other toward condemnation as a heterodox exegete due to his rigid historicism and rationalism.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Ioannes Hrisostomos · Mopsüestialı Theodoros · Tefsir

Abstract

This article investigates the theological trajectories of two prominent figures of Late Antique Antioch, John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia, by focusing on their transition from the rhetorical school of the pagan sophist Libanius to the Christian theological circle of Diodore of Tarsus. The primary inquiry of this research concerns the instrumentalization of secular rhetoric and rational analytical methods in interpreting sacred scripture, delineating the boundaries of divine mystery, and constructing Christian theology. This problem is analyzed from a comparative perspective, centering on the theological and epistemological thought of both authors. Rather than repudiating the classical formation received during their early intellectual development, these authors became prominent representatives of the Antiochene exegetical tradition, defending historical and literal reality against the allegorical tenets of the Alexandrian School. Nevertheless, despite emerging from shared rhetorical and ascetic roots, the theological paths of both figures eventually diverged. While Chrysostom synthesized his expertise into a pastoral language that invited the human intellect to stand in awe before divine mystery, Theodore transposed this rational discipline onto a cosmological and doctrinal plane to develop a systematic theology. Consequently, this article elucidates the historical background through which two minds, shaped by a common curriculum, evolved in different directions: one toward sainthood in the universal church, and the other toward condemnation as a heterodox exegete due to his rigid historicism and rationalism.

Özet

Bu çalışmada, Geç Antik Çağ Antakyası’nın iki önemli figürü Ioannes Hrisostomos ve Mopsüestialı Theodoros’un teolojik serüvenleri, pagan sofist Libanios’un retorik okulundan, Tarsuslu Diodoros’un Hıristiyan ilahiyat merkezine geçişleri ekseninde irdelenmiştir. Araştırmanın temel problemini, pagan hitabet sanatının ve rasyonel analitik yöntemin kutsal metinlerin yorumlanmasında, ilahi gizemin sınırlarının çizilmesinde ve Hıristiyan teolojisinin inşasında nasıl araçsallaştırıldığı oluşturmaktadır. Söz konusu problem, her iki müellifin teolojik ve epistemolojik fikirleri merkeze alınarak karşılaştırmalı bir perspektifle çözümlenmiştir. Müellifler, entelektüel gelişimlerinin ilk evresinde aldıkları klasik formasyonu reddetmek yerine, kutsal metinlerin yorumlanmasında -İskenderiye Okulu’nun alegorik düsturuna karşı- tarihsel ve lafzi gerçekliği savunan Antakya tefsir geleneğinin öne çıkan temsilcilerinden olmuşlardır. Bununla birlikte, aynı retorik ve asketik kökenden beslenmelerine rağmen, her iki ismin teolojik yörüngeleri zamanla ayrışmıştır. Hrisostomos edindiği donanımı pastoral bir dille harmanlayarak aklı ilahi gizem karşısında huşuya davet ederken, Theodoros söz konusu rasyonel disiplini kozmolojik ve doktrinel bir düzleme taşıyarak sistematik bir öğreti geliştirmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu makale, ortak bir tedrisattan geçen bu iki zihinden birinin evrensel kilisenin azizliğine, diğerinin ise katı tarihselciliği ve rasyonalizmi nedeniyle ortodoks öğreti karşıtı bir müfessire evrilme sürecini tarihsel arka planıyla birlikte ortaya koymaktadır.

🔖

Cite This Article

Dönmez, S., İstanbullu, H. (2026). From Libanius’s Rhetorical School to Diodore’s Theological School: A Comparative Analysis of the Theological and Epistemological Thought of John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia. Milel ve Nihal, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 93–111. https://doi.org/10.17131/milel.1924377

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (26)

  1. Abramowski, R. “Neue Schriften Theodors von Mopsuestia († 428)”. Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 33/1 (1934), 66-84.
  2. Allen, P. - Mayer, W. John Chrysostom. Londra: Routledge, 2000.
  3. Anastos, M. V. “The Immutability of Christ and Justinian’s Condemnation of Theodore of Mopsuestia”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 6 (1951), 123-160.
  4. Chrysostom, John. St. John Chrysostom: On the Incomprehensible Nature of God. çev. P. W. Harkins. Washington: Catholic University of America Press, 1984.
  5. Demirci, Kürşat. Bir Hristiyan Mezhebi Olarak Ortodoksluğun Teolojisi. İstanbul: Ayışığı Kitapları, 2005.
  6. Gerber, S. Theodor von Mopsuestia und das Nicänum: Studien zu den katechetischen Homilien. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
  7. Guida, A. Teodoro di Mopsuestia: Replica a Giuliano Imperatore. Adversus criminationes in Christianos Iuliani imperatoris. Floransa: Nardini, 1994.
  8. Gündüz, Şinasi. “Doketik Kristoloji ve Kur’an”. İslam Tetkikleri Dergisi 12/1 (01 Mart 2022): 441-471. https://doi.org/10.26650/iuitd.2022.1028480.
  9. Güzeldal, Yasin. “Erken Dönem Orta Çağ Hristiyan Manastırlarında Bir Disiplin Aracı Olarak Fiziksel Ceza”. Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi 21/1 (01 Mart 2021): 209-235. https://doi.org/10.33415/daad.845954.
  10. Hill, R. C. Reading the Old Testament in Antioch. Leiden: Brill, 2001. University of Chicago. “Lexidium”. Logeion. Erişim 24 Şubat 2026. https://logeion.uchicago.edu/lexidium.
  11. Kitzinger, E. “Observations on the Samson Floor at Mopsuestia”. Dumbarton Oaks Papers 27 (1973), 133-144.
  12. Kaçar, Turhan. “Ioannes Chrysostomus’un Düşüşü: Doğu Roma Başkentinde Din ve Politika”. BELLETEN 67/250 (01 Aralık 2003): 745-770. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2003.745.
  13. Karaburun, Doğan - Mustan Dönmez, Birgül. “Antakya Arap Ortodokslarında Dinsel Müzik Uygulamaları”. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 15/58 (2016), 843-858. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.258832.
  14. Laird, M. “Theophatic Anthropology: Clement of Alexandria and the Role of Plotinus in the ‘Theology’ of Theodore of Mopsuestia”. Studia Patristica 52 (2012), 321-328.
  15. Liddell, H. G. - Scott, R. - Jones H. S. Thesaurus Linguae Graecae. Erişim 20 Şubat 2026. https://stephanus.tlg.uci.edu/lsj/#eid=1.
  16. Liebeschuetz, W. “Friends and Enemies of John Chrysostom”. Maistor: Classical, Byzantine and Renaissance Studies for Robert Browning. ed. Ann Moffatt. Canberra: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies (1984), 85-111.
  17. McLeod, F. G. Theodore of Mopsuestia. Londra: Routledge, 2009.
  18. Norris, R. A. Manhood and Christ: A Study in the Christology of Theodore of Mopsuestia. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963.
  19. Prümm, K. “Der Abschnitt über die Doxa des Apostolats 2 Kor 3,1-4,6 in der Deutung des hl. Johannes Chrysostomus”. Biblica 30/3 (1949), 377-400.
  20. Slenczka, N. Heilsgeschichte und Logistik: Die Theologie des Theodore von Mopsuestia. Hannover: Lutherisches Verlagshaus, 1992.
  21. Theodore of Mopsuestia. Commentary of Theodore of Mopsuestia on the Lord’s Prayer and on the Sacraments of Baptism and the Eucharist. ed. A. Mingana. New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2009.
  22. _______. Theodore of Mopsuestia: Syriac Fragments. ed. E. Sachau. New Jersey: Gorgias Press, 2010.
  23. Tiersch, C. Johannes Chrysostomus in Konstantinopel (398-404): Weltsicht und Wirken eines Bischofs in der Hauptstadt des Oströmischen Reiches. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2002.
  24. Tiersch, C. “Johannes Chrysostomus und die ‘Krise’ der spätantiken Stadt”. Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum 8 (2004), 251-283.
  25. Vaggione, R. P. “Some Neglected Fragments of Theodore of Mopsuestia’s Contra Eunomium”. The Journal of Theological Studies 31/2 (1980), 403-470.
  26. Wickert, U. Studien zu den Pauluskommentaren Theodors von Mopsuestia als Beitrag zum Verständnis der antiochenischen Theologie. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1962.