Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2

EVALUATION OF AST FAST ES/NF AGAR MEDIUM FOR RAPID DETECTION OF IMIPENEM RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AND ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ISOLATES

KLİNİK KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE VE ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII İZOLATLARINDA İMİPENEM DİRENCİNİN HIZLI TESPİTİNDE AST FAST ES/NF AGAR BESİYERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Aybala Temel(İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, FARMASÖTİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0003-1549-7219
Yamaç Tekintaş(İZMİR KATİP ÇELEBİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL ECZACILIK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0001-9437-7527
Mine Hoşgör Limoncu(EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ECZACILIK FAKÜLTESİ, TEMEL ECZACILIK BİLİMLERİ BÖLÜMÜ, FARMASOTİK MİKROBİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI)0000-0002-4892-8639
Feriha Cilli(EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, EGE TIP FAKÜLTESİ)0000-0003-3993-3396
Pages
430–437
Publication Date
2023-05-20
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Considering that the incubation period recommended by EUCAST in the standard disk diffusion test method is 16-20 hours and the sensitivity category is measured at the end of this period, it is thought that the chromogenic medium may provide a significant advantage.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Resistant gram-negative microorganisms, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, cause life-threatening infections.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Hence, it is critical to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates rapidly and accurately.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Considering that the incubation period recommended by EUCAST in the standard disk diffusion test method is 16-20 hours and the sensitivity category is measured at the end of this period, it is thought that the chromogenic medium may provide a significant advantage.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Acinetobacter baumanni · AST fast agar · disk difüzyon metodu

Abstract

Objective: Resistant gram-negative microorganisms, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, cause life-threatening infections. Hence, it is critical to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates rapidly and accurately. Nowadays, carbapenem resistance is determined by phenotypic/genotypic methods. For phenotypic methods (disk diffusion, microdilution), differences in specificity and sensitivity can often occur. Since molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction giving relatively more reliable results, are labor-intensive and costly, new fast, reliable and economical methods are needed. Material and Method: The performance of chromogenic AST Fast ES/NF agar for the EUCAST standard disk diffusion method was investigated. Four K. pneumoniae and five A. baumannii isolates, which were determined to be carbapenem resistant by molecular method and automated system results, were included in the study. Result and Discussion: The inhibition zone diameters were became measurable within 4-6 hours in AST Fast ES/NF and the susceptibility categories were interpreted according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The results of disk diffusion test performed with MHA, were largely consistent with the results obtained with the AST Fast ES/NF. Considering that the incubation period recommended by EUCAST in the standard disk diffusion test method is 16-20 hours and the sensitivity category is measured at the end of this period, it is thought that the chromogenic medium may provide a significant advantage.

Özet

Amaç: Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Acinetobacter baumannii başta olmak üzere dirençli gram negatif mikroorganizmalar yaşamı tehdit eden enfeksiyonlara neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle klinik izolatların antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının en kısa sürede ve doğru tespiti kritik öneme sahiptir. Günümüzde karbapenem direnci fenotipik ve/veya genotipik yöntemlerle belirlenmektedir. Fenotipik yöntemlerde (disk difüzyon, mikrodilüsyon) hem özgüllük hem de duyarlılık açısından farklılıklar sıklıkla ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Nispeten daha güvenilir sonuçlar veren polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu gibi moleküler metotlar ise iş gücü gerektiren ve yüksek maliyetli yöntemler olduğundan, antibiyotik direncini saptamaya yönelik hızlı, güvenilir ve ekonomik yeni yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada kromojenik AST Fast ES/NF besiyerinin EUCAST standart disk difüzyon metoduyla antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının saptanmasında kullanımının uygunluğu araştırılmıştır. Karbapenem dirençli olduğu moleküler yöntem/otomatize sistemle belirlenen dört K.pneumoniae ve beş A.baumannii izolatıyla çalışılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Çalışma sonucunda AST Fast ES/NF besiyerinde inhibisyon zon çaplarının 4-6 saat içerisinde ölçülebilir duruma geldiği belirlenmiş ve üretici firmanın önerilerine uygun şekilde izolatların duyarlılıkları belirlenmiştir. Mueller Hinton Agar kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen disk difüzyon test sonuçlarının, AST Fast ES/NF agar kromojenik besiyeriyle elde edilen sonuçlar ile büyük oranda uyumlu olduğu belirlenmiştir. Standart disk difüzyon test yönteminde önerilen inkübasyon süresinin 16-20 saat olduğu ve ancak bu süre sonunda duyarlılık kategorisinin belirlendiği düşünüldüğünde kromojenik besiyerinin zaman açısından önemli bir avantaj sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Temel, A., Tekintaş, Y., Limoncu, M. H., Cilli, F. (2023). EVALUATION OF AST FAST ES/NF AGAR MEDIUM FOR RAPID DETECTION OF IMIPENEM RESISTANCE IN CLINICAL KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIAE AND ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII ISOLATES. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 47 Sayı: 2, 430–437. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1230197

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (19)

  1. Semin-Pelletier, B., Cazet, L., Bourigault, C., Juvin, M.E., Boutoille, D., Raffi, F., Hourmant, M., Blancho, G., Agard, C., Connault, J., Corvec, S., Caillon, J., Batard, E., Lepelletier, D. (2015). Challenges of controlling a large outbreak of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a French university hospital. The Journal of Hospital Infection, 89(4), 248-253. [CrossRef]
  2. Patel, G., Huprikar, S., Factor, S.H., Jenkins, S.G., Calfee, D.P. (2008). Outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the impact of antimicrobial and adjunctive therapies. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 29(12), 1099-1106. [CrossRef]
  3. Podschun, R., Ullmann, U. (1998). Klebsiella spp. as nosocomial pathogens: epidemiology, taxonomy, typing methods, and pathogenicity factors. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 11(4), 589-603. [CrossRef]
  4. Bagley S.T. (1985). Habitat association of Klebsiella species. Infection Control, 6(2), 52-58. [CrossRef]
  5. Cetinkol, Y., Yildirim, A.A., Telli, M., Calgin, M.K. (2016). The investigation of oxacillinase/metallo-beta-lactamase genes and clonal analysis in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Le Infezioni in Medicina, 24(1), 48-53.
  6. Rock, C., Thom, K.A., Masnick, M., Johnson, J.K., Harris, A.D., Morgan, D.J. (2014). Frequency of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing and non-KPC-producing Klebsiella species contamination of healthcare workers and the environment. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 35(4), 426-429. [CrossRef]
  7. Asık G. (2011). Acinetobacter baumannii virülansının açıklanmasında güncel yaklaşımlar Acinetobacter baumannii. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 45(2), 371-380.
  8. Peleg, A.Y., Seifert, H., Paterson, D.L. (2008). Acinetobacter baumannii: emergence of a successful pathogen. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 21(3), 538-582. [CrossRef]
  9. Wong, D., Nielsen, T.B., Bonomo, R.A., Pantapalangkoor, P., Luna, B., Spellberg, B. (2017). Clinical and pathophysiological overview of Acinetobacter infections: a century of challenges. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 30(1), 409-447. [CrossRef]
  10. Eraç, B., Yılmaz, F.F., Hoşgör Limoncu, M., Oztürk, I., Aydemir, S. (2014). Çok ilaca dirençli Acinetobacter baumannii izolatlarında virülans faktörlerinin araştırılması [Investigation of the virulence factors of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates]. Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni, 48(1), 70-81. [CrossRef]
  11. Karah, N., Sundsfjord, A., Towner, K., Samuelsen, Ø. (2012). Insights into the global molecular epidemiology of carbapenem non-susceptible clones of Acinetobacter baumannii. Drug Resistance Updates, 15(4), 237-247. [CrossRef]
  12. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. (‎2020)‎. Central asian and european surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: annual report 2020. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/345873 Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2023
  13. Gordon, N.C., Wareham, D.W. (2010). Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: mechanisms of virulence and resistance. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 35(3), 219-226. [CrossRef]
  14. Decousser, J.W., Jansen, C., Nordmann, P., Emirian, A., Bonnin, R.A., Anais, L., Merle, J.C., Poirel, L. (2013). Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in France, January to May 2013. Euro surveillance: Bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin, 18(31), 20547. [CrossRef]
  15. Barenfanger, J., Drake, C., Kacich, G. (1999). Clinical and financial benefits of rapid bacterial identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 37(5), 1415-1418. [CrossRef]
  16. Schifman, R.B., Pindur, A., Bryan, J.A. (1997). Laboratory practices for reporting bacterial susceptibility tests that affect antibiotic therapy. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 121(11), 1168-1170. [CrossRef]
  17. Tunney, M.M., Ramage, G., Field, T.R., Moriarty, T.F., Storey, D.G. (2004). Rapid colorimetric assay for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48(5), 1879-1881. [CrossRef]
  18. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters. Version 13.0, 2023. Erişim adresi: https://www.eucast.org Erişim tarihi: 03.01.2023 19. Coban A.Y. (2012). Rapid determination of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates by colorimetric methods. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 50(7), 2191-2193. [CrossRef]
  19. Ercis, S., Sancak, B., Kocagöz, T., Kocagöz, S., Hasçelik, G., Bolmström, A. (2007). Rapid 4 to 6 hour detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a routine laboratory. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 39(9), 781-785. [CrossRef]