SavedAdd your journal

Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 50 Sayı: 1

ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTI-ALZHEIMER POTENTIAL OF THREE TYMBRA SPECIES RICH IN HESPERIDIN AND ROSMARINIC ACID

HESPERİDİN VE ROSMARİNİK ASİT AÇISINDAN ZENGİN ÜÇ TYMBRA TÜRÜNÜN ANTİDİYABETİK VE ANTI-ALZHEİMER POTANSİYELİ

Serkan Yiğitkan(DICLE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-6202-1515
Eda Çavuş Kaya(DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-5359-8056
Mehmet Fırat(VAN YUZUNCU YIL UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-5814-614X
Pelin Köseoğlu Yılmaz(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-9871-1710
İsmail Yener(DICLE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0988-9462
Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz(DİCLE ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-4090-7227
Sevgi İrtegün Kandemir(DICLE UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-6160-5626
Ufuk Kolak(ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-0339-635X
Hamdi Temel(BOZOK UNIVERSITY)0000-0001-9225-7425
Abdulselam Ertaş(DICLE UNIVERSITY)0000-0002-2193-8386
Pages
58–69
Publication Date
2026-01-15
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Due to their high antioxidant, anticholinesterase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition activities and rich phenolic content, tymbra species have potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Lamiaceae is a cosmopolitan family of aromatic and medicinal plants.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Result and Discussion: It was determined that all ethanol extracts were rich in hesperidin (3900.28-32910.02µg analyte/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (5343.08-11571.54µg analyte/g extract).
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Due to their high antioxidant, anticholinesterase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition activities and rich phenolic content, tymbra species have potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:α-amilaz · antikolinesteraz · antioksidan

Abstract

Objective: Lamiaceae is a cosmopolitan family of aromatic and medicinal plants. There are many well-known aromatic, ornamental and weed plants in this family. Many aromatic species in the Lamiaceae family are currently used in traditional medicine, pharmaceutical and food industries due to their biological properties. In this study, it was aimed to examine the ethanol extracts (roots and aerial parts) of Thymbra spicata var. spicata (TS), Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. &Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. &Aznav (TSS) and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) in the terms of their biological activity and chemical content. Material and Method: The phenolic content of the species was analyzed by LC-MS/MS. In addition, cytotoxic, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, urease, tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, angiotensin I-converting and α-amylase enzymes activities were investigated. Result and Discussion: It was determined that all ethanol extracts were rich in hesperidin (3900.28-32910.02µg analyte/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (5343.08-11571.54µg analyte/g extract). In addition, the aerial part of TS species showed high a-amylase enzyme inhibition activity (inhibition%: 97.57±2.59 at 50 µg/ml). Due to their high antioxidant, anticholinesterase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition activities and rich phenolic content, tymbra species have potential for use in the pharmaceutical and food industry.

Özet

Amaç: Lamiaceae aromatik ve tıbbi bitkilerden oluşan kozmopolit bir familyadır. Bu familyada çok iyi bilinen aromatik, süs ve yabani ot bitkileri bulunmaktadır. Lamiaceae familyasındaki birçok aromatik tür, biyolojik özellikleri nedeniyle günümüzde geleneksel tıp, ilaç ve gıda endüstrilerinde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Thymbra spicata var. spicata (TS), Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. &Aznav. subsp. sintenisii Bornm. &Aznav (TSS) ve Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. & Azn. subsp. isaurica P.H.Davis (TSI) türlerinin etanol ekstraktlarının (kök ve toprak üstü kısımları) biyolojik aktivite ve kimyasal içerik açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Türlerin fenolik içeriği LC-MS/MS ile analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, ekstraktların sitotoksik, antioksidan, asetilkolinesteraz, bütirilkolinesteraz, üreaz, tirozinaz, elastaz, kollajenaz, anjiyotensin I-dönüştürücü ve α-amilaz enzimlerinin inhibisyon aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Tüm etanol ekstraktlarının hesperidin (3900.28-32910.02µg analit/g ekstrakt) ve rosmarinik asit (5343.08-11571.54µg analit/g ekstrakt) bakımından zengin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, TS türlerinin toprak üstü kısmı yüksek a-amilaz enzim inhibisyon aktivitesi göstermiştir (% inhibisyon: 50 µg/ml'de 97.57±2.59). Yüksek antioksidan, antikolinesteraz ve α-amilaz enzim inhibisyon aktiviteleri ve zengin fenolik içerikleri nedeniyle, tymbra türleri ilaç ve gıda endüstrisinde kullanım potansiyeline sahiptir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Yiğitkan, S., Kaya, E. Ç., Fırat, M., Yılmaz, P. K., Yener, İ., Yılmaz, M. A., Kandemir, S. İ., Kolak, U., Temel, H., Ertaş, A. (2026). ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTI-ALZHEIMER POTENTIAL OF THREE TYMBRA SPECIES RICH IN HESPERIDIN AND ROSMARINIC ACID. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 1, 58–69. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1576004

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (31)

  1. Bekut, M., Brkić, S., Kladar, N., et al. (2018). Potential of selected Lamiaceae plants in anti(retro)viral therapy. Pharmacological Research, 133, 301-314. [CrossRef]
  2. Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. (2017). Systematic and biogeographic overview of Lamiaceae in Turkey. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils, 4(4), 14-27.
  3. Milevskaya, V.V., Temerdashev, Z.A., Butyl’skaya, T.S., et al. (2017). Determination of phenolic compounds in medicinal plants from the Lamiaceae family. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 72, 342-348. [CrossRef]
  4. Figueiredo, A.C., Barroso, J.G., Pedro, L.G., et al. (2008). Portuguese Thymbra and Thymus species volatiles: Chemical composition and biological activities. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 14, 3120-3140. [CrossRef]
  5. Kizil, S. (2010). Determination of essential oil variations of Thymbra spicata var. spicata L. naturally growing in the wild flora of East Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey. Industrial Crops and Product, 32(3), 593-600. [CrossRef]
  6. Unlu, M., Vardar-Unlu, G., Vural, N., et al. (2009). Chemical composition, antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Thymbra spicata L. from Turkey. Natural Product Research, 23(6), 572-579. [CrossRef]
  7. Davis, P.H. (1970). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 7, 382-384.
  8. Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satil, F., et al. (2009). In vitro activity of methanol extracts of plants used as spices against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other bacteria. Food Chemistry, 116, 289-294. [CrossRef]
  9. Bener, M. (2019). Modeling and optimizing microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidants from Thymbra Spicata L. and characterization of their phenolic constituents. Food Science and Biotechnology, 28, 1733-1745. [CrossRef]
  10. Khalil, M., Khalifeh, H., Baldini, F., et al. (2019). Antisteatotic and antioxidant activities of Thymbra spicata L. extracts in hepatic and endothelial cells as in vitro models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 239, 111919. [CrossRef]
  11. Askun, T., Tumen, G., Satıl, F., et al. (2008). Effects of some Lamiaceae species methanol extracts on potential mycotoxin producer fungi. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46, 688-694. [CrossRef]
  12. Haroun, M.F., and Al-Kayali, R.S. (2016). Synergistic effect of Thymbra spicata L. extracts with antibiotics against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 19, 1193-1200.
  13. Eruygur, N., Çetin, S., Atas, M., et al. (2017). A study on the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata ethanol extract. Cumhuriyet Medical Journal, 39(3), 531-538. [CrossRef]
  14. Tutar, U., Hepokur, C., Misir, S., et al. (2018). Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and wound healing effects of Thymbra sintenisii extract. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 80, 868-874. [CrossRef]
  15. Kirkan, B., Sarikurkcu, C., Amarowicz, R. (2019). Composition, and antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibition activities, of essential oils from Satureja Thymbra and Thymbra spicata var. spicata. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 34, 436-442. [CrossRef]
  16. Yilmaz, M.A., Ertas, A., Yener, I., et al. (2022). Development and validation of a novel LC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of 19 fingerprint phytochemicals in Salvia species: A chemometric approach, Journal of Chromatography Science, 60, 770-785. [CrossRef]
  17. Yilmaz, G., Eruygur, N., Bona, G.E., et al. (2023). Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition activity of five Salvia taxa from Turkey. South African Journal of Botany, 152, 212-221. [CrossRef]
  18. Eruygur, N., Kocyigit, U.M., Atas, M., et al. (2021). Composition characterization and biological activity study of Thymbra spicata L. var. spicata essential oil. Cumhuriyet Science Journal, 42(3), 565-575. [CrossRef]
  19. Blois., M.S. (1958). Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature, 181, 1199-1200. [CrossRef]
  20. Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., et al. (1999). Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237. [CrossRef]
  21. Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Özyürek, M., et al. (2004). Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52(26), 7970-7981. [CrossRef]
  22. Ellman, G.L., Courtney, K.D., Andres, V., et al. (1961). A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochemical Pharmacology, 7(2), 88-95. [CrossRef]
  23. Zahid, H., Rizwani, H.G., Kamil, A., et al. (2015). Anti-urease activity of Mimusops elengi Linn (Sapotaceae). European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 6(4), 223-230. [CrossRef]
  24. Hearing, V.J., and Jimenez, M. (1987). Mammalian tyrosinase-the critical regulatory control point in melanocyte pigmentation. International Journal of Biochemistry, 19(12), 1141-7. [CrossRef]
  25. Kraunsoe, J.A., Claridge, T.D., Lowe, G. (1996). Inhibition of human leukocyte and porcine pancreatic elastase by homologues of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitör. Biochemistry, 35(28), 9090-9096. [CrossRef]
  26. Thring, T.S., Hili, P., Naughton, D.P. (2009). Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 9(27), 1-11. [CrossRef]
  27. Kwon, Y.I.I., Vattemand, D.A., Shetty, K. (2006). Evaluation of clonal herbs of Lamiaceae species for management of diabetes and hypertension. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 15(1), 107.
  28. Lazarova, I., Zengin, G., Bender, O., et al. (2015).A comparative study of Bulgarian and Turkish Asphodeline lutea root extracts: HPLC-UV profiles, enzyme inhibitory potentials and anti-proliferative activities against MCF-7 and MCF-10A cell lines. Journal of Functional Foods, 15, 254-263. [CrossRef]
  29. Irtegun Kandemir, S., Saruhan-Fidan, H., Yener, I., et al. (2022).Investigation of cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of 63 compounds obtained from Salvia species: Promising anticancer agents. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 46, e14226. [CrossRef]
  30. Hepokur, C., Misir, S., Çiçek, M., et al. (2020).Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer effects of Thymbra sintenisii subsp. isaurica extract. Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics, 16(4), 822-827. [CrossRef]
  31. Sengun, I.Y., Yucel, E., Ozturk, B., et al. (2021). Chemical compositions, total phenolic contents, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the extract and essential oil of Thymbra spicata L. growing wild in Turkey. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 15, 386-393. [CrossRef]