Journals / Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 50 Sayı: 3

BIOANALYTICAL LC-MS METHOD FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF NIFURTIMOX IN HUMAN PLASMA

İNSAN PLAZMASINDA NİFURTİMOKS'UN TESPİTİ VE MİKTARININ BELİRLENMESİ İÇİN BİYOANALİTİK LC-MS YÖNTEMİ

Jagadish Kumar Bokam(Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management)0000-0002-8568-0855
Jagadeesh Adari(Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management)0009-0002-9842-4137
Vasudha Dadı(Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology (Autonomous))0000-0003-3862-0590
Srinivasa Rao Yarguntla(Vignan Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology (Autonomous))0000-0002-8803-9668
Pages
592–602
Publication Date
2026-09-19
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Overall, the validated method is suitable for routine quantification of Nifurtimox in biological samples.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Objective: Nifurtimox is a type of nitrofuran derivative employed for treating sleeping sickness as well as Chagas disease.
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Key Findings & Data:Material and Method: Chromatographic separation had been accomplished on reverse-phase C18 (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) column employing benznidazole as an internal standard along mobile phase made up of methanol and 5 mM aqueous ammonium acetate in a 75:25 (v/v) ratio at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min in isocratic mode.
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Conclusion & Impact:Overall, the validated method is suitable for routine quantification of Nifurtimox in biological samples.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Biyoanalitik yöntem · insan plazması · LC-MS

Abstract

Objective: Nifurtimox is a type of nitrofuran derivative employed for treating sleeping sickness as well as Chagas disease. The aim is to develop and validate a precise and specific liquid chromatography mass spectrometric technique for the estimation of Nifurtimox in human plasma. Material and Method: Chromatographic separation had been accomplished on reverse-phase C18 (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) column employing benznidazole as an internal standard along mobile phase made up of methanol and 5 mM aqueous ammonium acetate in a 75:25 (v/v) ratio at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min in isocratic mode. A quadrupole mass spectrometer running in positive mode and with numerous reaction monitoring settings was employed to quantify the procedure. Result and Discussion: The developed analytical method exhibited good recovery and was validated over a calibration range of 0.5–400 ng/ml. In the ESI spectra, the major ion peaks for Nifurtimox and the internal standard, benznidazole, were observed at m/z 288 and m/z 261, respectively, corresponding to their [M+H]+ ions. The method exhibited LOD, LOQ, and LLOQ of 0.2 ng/ml, 1.0 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/ml respectively. Precision at intra and interday and accuracy were evaluated at low (1 ng/ml), medium (50 ng/ml), and high (400 ng/ml) quality control levels, showing a %RSD below 2. The percentage recoveries exceeded 95%, with %RSD values under 2. Overall, the validated method is suitable for routine quantification of Nifurtimox in biological samples.

Özet

Amaç: Nifurtimoks, Chagas hastalığının yanı sıra uyku hastalığının tedavisinde kullanılan bir tür nitrofuran türevidir. Bu çalışmada Amaç, insan plazmasında Nifurtimox'in belirlenmesi için hassas ve seçici bir sıvı kromatografisi kütle spektrometrik yöntemi geliştirmek ve doğrulamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kromatografik ayırım, ters faz C18 (4,6 mm × 100 mm, 3,5 µm) kolonunda, benznidazol iç standart olarak kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mobil faz, metanol ile 5 mM sulu amonyum asetatın 75:25 (h/h) oranındaki karışımından oluşturulmuş ve izokratik modda 0.8 ml/dk akış hızında kullanılmıştır. Analitin kantitatif tayini, pozitif iyonizasyon modunda ve çoklu reaksiyon izleme (MRM, Multiple Reaction Monitoring) ayarlarında çalışan bir kuadrupol kütle spektrometresi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: Geliştirilen analitik yöntem, iyi geri kazanım değerleri göstermiş ve 0.5–400 ng/ml kalibrasyon aralığında valide edilmiştir. ESI spektrumlarında, Nifurtimoks ve iç standart olarak kullanılan benznidazol için başlıca iyon pikleri sırasıyla m/z 288 ve m/z 261 değerlerinde gözlenmiş olup, bu pikler bileşiklerin [M+H]⁺ iyonlarına karşılık gelmektedir. Yöntemin tespit limiti (LOD), tayin limiti (LOQ) ve alt kantitasyon limiti (LLOQ) sırasıyla 0.2 ng/ml, 1.0 ng/ml ve 0.5 ng/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Gün içi ve günler arası kesinlik ile doğruluk; düşük (1 ng/ml), orta (50 ng/ml) ve yüksek (400 ng/ml) kalite kontrol düzeylerinde değerlendirilmiş ve tüm düzeylerde %RSD değerlerinin 2'nin altında olduğu gösterilmiştir. Geri kazanım değerleri %95'in üzerinde olup, bunlara ait %RSD değerleri de 2'nin altında bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, valide edilen yöntem biyolojik örneklerde Nifurtimoks'un rutin kantitatif tayini için uygundur.

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Cite This Article

Bokam, J. K., Adari, J., Gorripati, C. R. N., Dadı, V., Yarguntla, S. R. (2026). BIOANALYTICAL LC-MS METHOD FOR DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF NIFURTIMOX IN HUMAN PLASMA. Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 50 Sayı: 3, 592–602. https://doi.org/10.33483/jfpau.1816226

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