Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3

Batı Anadolu’daki bazı jeotermal alanların termal akışkanlarında bor izotop oranları ve borun kökeni

Murat Tokcaer(DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0003-0157-2150
Pages
1361–1374
Publication Date
2023-01-06
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

Na-Cl tipindeki termal suların yüksek pozitif δ11B değerleri ise diğer kimyasal verilerin de desteklediği gibi denizel karışım sonucudur.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:Batı Anadolu’nun tektonik olarak aktif graben bölgeleri, birçok jeotermal aktivite ve jeotermal sularda oldukça yüksek bor zenginleşmesi ile karakterizedir.
📊
Key Findings & Data:Köken konusunda farklı kaynakları belirlemek için bor izotop jeokimyasının jeolojik çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanımı oldukça yenidir.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:Na-Cl tipindeki termal suların yüksek pozitif δ11B değerleri ise diğer kimyasal verilerin de desteklediği gibi denizel karışım sonucudur.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Jeotermal sular · bor izotopları · borun kökeni

Özet

Batı Anadolu’nun tektonik olarak aktif graben bölgeleri, birçok jeotermal aktivite ve jeotermal sularda oldukça yüksek bor zenginleşmesi ile karakterizedir. Köken konusunda farklı kaynakları belirlemek için bor izotop jeokimyasının jeolojik çalışmalarda yaygın olarak kullanımı oldukça yenidir. Borun jeotermal akışkanlardaki kökenini belirleyebilmek amacıyla, örneklenen termal suların B izotop oranları, suların kimyasal analiz sonuçları ve bölgelerin jeolojileri birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen termal suların genellikle Na-HCO3, Ca, Na- HCO3, Ca-HCO3,Cl ve Na-Cl tipinde oldukları saptanmıştır. Yüksek sıcaklığa sahip, soğuk sular ile seyrelmenin az olduğu bölgelerde B konsantrasyonları oldukça yüksek (B=52,1mg/l; Salihli), B izotop oranları ise litolojik farklılıklardan dolayı geniş bir aralıkta çıkmıştır (δ11B=-7,73‰ / +10,83‰; n=15). Tüm sularda sıcaklık ile çözülü iyonlar arasında ve benzer şekilde B - Cl ve B-elektriksel iletkenlikleri arasında pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır. Ayrıca termal sulardaki B izotop oranları suların etkileşimde oldukları kayaçların B izotop oranları ile uyumlu çıkmış olması borun kökeni konusunda su-kaya etkileşimini destekler. Na-Cl tipindeki termal suların yüksek pozitif δ11B değerleri ise diğer kimyasal verilerin de desteklediği gibi denizel karışım sonucudur.

🔖

Cite This Article

Tokcaer, M. (2023). Batı Anadolu’daki bazı jeotermal alanların termal akışkanlarında bor izotop oranları ve borun kökeni. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 3, 1361–1374. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1092227

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (81)

  1. Gemici Ü. ve Tarcan G., Distribution of boron in thermal waters of western Anatolia, Turkey and examples on their environmental impacts. Environmental Geology 43:87–98, 2002
  2. Ramakumar K. L., Parab A. R., Khodade P. S., Almaula A. I., Chitambar S. A. ve Jain H. C., Determination of isotopic composition of boron, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. Lett., 94, 53-62, 1985.
  3. Spivack, A. J., ve Edmond J. M., Determinations of boron isotope ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry of cesium metaborate cation. Anal. Chem., 58, 31-35, 1986
  4. Xiao Y. K., Beary E. S., ve Fassett J. D., An improved method for the high precision isotopic measurement of boron by thermal ionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion. Processes, 85, 203-213, 1988.
  5. Hemming N.G., ve Hanson G. N. A procedure for the analysis of boron by thermal ionization mass spectrometry, Chem. Geol., 114, 147-156, 1994
  6. Leemann W.P., Vocke R. D., Beary E. S. ve Paulsen P. J., Precise boron isotopic analysis of aqueous samples: Ion exchange extraction and mass spectrometry, Geochim. Et Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 3901-3907, 1991
  7. Barth S., Boron isotope variations in nature: a synthesis. Geol. Rundsch., 82, 640-651, 1993
  8. Cary L., Casanova J., Gaaloul N. ve Guerrot, C., Combining boron isotopes and carbamazepine to trace sewage in salinized groundwater: a case study in Cap Bon, Tunisia. Appl. Geochem. 34, 126–139, 2013
  9. Jiang, S.Y., Boron isotope geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits in China: a preliminary study. Phys. Chem. Earth Solid Earth Geod. 26, 851–858, 2001
  10. Jiang S.Y., Palmer M.R., Boron isotope systematics of tourmaline from granites and pegmatites; a synthesis. Eur. J. Mineral. 10, 1253–1265, 1998
  11. Marschall H.R. ve Jiang S.Y., Tourmaline isotopes: no element left behind. Elements 7, 313–319, 2011
  12. Aggarwal J.K. ve Palmer M.R., Boron Isotope Analysis: A review. The Analyst, Vol.120 (5),1301-1309, 1995
  13. Catanzaro E. J., Champion C. E., Garner E. L., Marinenko G., Sappenfield K. M. ve Shields W. R., Standard Reference Materials: Boric acid; Isotopic, and Assay Standard Reference Materials, US National Bureau of Standards, Spec. Publ., 260-17: 70pp, 1970
  14. NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technologie), Certificate of Analysis: Standard Reference Material® 952, http://www.nist.gov/, 1999
  15. Williams L.B. ve Hervig, R.L., Boron isotope composition of coals: a potential tracer of organic contaminated fluids. Appl. Geochem. 19, 1625-1636, 2004
  16. Hogan J. F. ve Blum J. D., Boron and lithium isotopes as ground- water tracers: a study at the Fresh Kills Landfill, Staten Island, New York, USA. Applied Geochemistry 18, 615–627, 2003
  17. Spivack A. J. ve Edmond J. M., Boron isotope exchange between seawater and the oceanic crust. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, 1033–1043, 1987
  18. Palmer M. R., Boron isotope systematics of hydrothermal fluids and tourmalines: a synthesis. Chemical Geology: Isotope Geosciences Section 94, 111–121, 1991
  19. Ishikawa T. ve Nakamura E. Boron isotope systematics of marine sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 117, 567–580, 1993
  20. Smith H. J., Spivack A. J., Staudigel H. ve Hart R. H., The boron isotopic composition of the altered oceanic crust, Chem. Geol., 126, 119-135, 1995
  21. Jiang S. Y., Palmer M. R., Peng Q. M. ve Yang J. H., Chemical and stable isotope composition of Proterozoic metamorphosed evaporates and associated tourmalines from the Houxianyu borate deposit, eastern Liaoning, China. Chemical Geology 135,189–211, 1997
  22. Deyhle A. ve Knopf A., The use and usefulness of boron isotopes in natural silicate–water systems. Phys. Chem. Earth 30, 1038–1046, 2005
  23. Kakihana H., Kotaka M., Satoh S., Nomura M. ve Okamoto M., Fundamental studies on the separation of boron isotopes, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 50, 158-163, 1977
  24. Oi T., Nomura M., Ossaka T., Okamoto O. ve Kakihana H., Boron isotopic compositions of some boron minerals, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 3189-3195, 1989
  25. Palmer M. R. ve Swihart G. H., Boron isotope geochemistry: An overview, In: Boron, Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (eds. E.S. Grew and L.M. Anovitz) Rev. Mineral., 33, 845-862, 1996
  26. Nomura M., Kanzaki T., Ozawa T., Okamoto M. ve Kakihana H., Boron isotopic composition of fumarolic condensates from some volcanoes in Japanese island arcs. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 2403–2406, 1982
  27. Spivack A.J., Palmer M.R. ve Edmond J.M., The sedimentary cycle of the boron isotopes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 1939–1949, 1987
  28. Palmer M.R. ve Sturchio N.C., The boron isotope systematics of the Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) hydrothermal system: a reconnaissance study. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 54:2811-2815, 1990
  29. Vengosh A., Kolodny Y., Starinsky A., Chivas A. R., ve Mc Culloch M. T., Co-precipitation and isotopic fractionation of boron in modern biogenic carbonates. Geochim. Cosomochim. Acta 55, 2901–2910, 1991
  30. Voutsa D., Dotsika E., Kouras A., Poutoukis D. ve Kouimtzis T., Study on distribution and origin of boron in groundwater in the area of Chalkidiki, Northern Greece by employing chemical and isotopic tracers. J. Hazard. Mater. 172, 1264-1272, 2009
  31. Chao H.C., You C.F., Wang B.S., Chung C.H. ve Huang K.F., Boron isotopic composition of mud volcano fluids: implications for fluid migration in shallow subduction zones. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 305, 32–44, 2011
  32. Aggarwal J.K., Sheppard D., Mezger K., Pernicka E., Precise and accurate determination of boron isotope ratios by multiple collector ICP-MS: origin of boron in the Ngawha geothermal system, New Zealand. Chem. Geol. 199, 331–342, 2003
  33. Dotsika E., Poutoukis D., Kloppmann W., Guerrot C., Voutsa D. ve Kouimtzis T.H., The use of O, H, B, Sr and S isotopes for tracing the origin of dissolved boron in groundwater in Central Macedonia, Greece. Appl. Geochem. 25, 1783–1796, 2010
  34. Panagopoulos G., Application of major and trace elements as well as boron isotopes for tracing hydrochemical processes: the case of Trifilia coastal karst aquifer, Greece. Environ. Geol. 58, 1067-1082, 2009.
  35. Güleç N., The distribution of helium-3 in Western Turkey. Mineral Res. Exploration Bull. 108, 35–42, 1988
  36. Ercan T., Ölmez E., Matsudo I. Wagao K. ve Kıta I., Chemical and isotopic values of hot and mineralized waters and the gases they contain in North and West Anatolia. Turkey Energy Bulletin. Vol: 1. No: 2. TMMOB Chamber of Geological Engineers publication. 20–21, 1994
  37. Vengosh A., Helvacı C. ve Karamanderesi, İ.H., Geochemical constraints for the origin of thermal waters from western Turkey. Applied Geochemistry 17, 163- 183, 2002
  38. Özgür N., Graf, W., Stichler W. ve Wolf M., Origin of the high sulfate contents in thermal waters of Kızıldere and environs, Western Anatolia, Turkey. Int. Symposium. on Eastern Mediterranean Geology, Thessaloniki, Greece, pp. 1306–1309, 2004
  39. Tokcaer M., Geochemical Cycle of Boron and Isotope Fractionation in Geothermal Fluids of Western Anatolia. PhD. Thesis, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Dokuz Eylül University (yayınlanmamış), 2007
  40. Gran G., Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II Analyst; 77: 661-671, 1952.
  41. Piper, A.M., Interpretation of water analyses. Geol. Survey Water Res. Div.No.12, 1979
  42. Palmer, M.R. ve Sturchio N.C., The boron isotope systematics of the Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming) hydrothermal system: a reconnaissance. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 54, 2811-2815, 1990
  43. Nicholson K., Geothermal fluids. Chemistry and exploration techniques. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, 263s, 1993
  44. Werding G. ve Schreyer W. Chapter 3. Experimental Studies On Borosilicates And Selected Borates. Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry, edited by Lawrence M. Anovitz and Edward S. Grew, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 117-164, 2018
  45. Sanchez-Valle C., Reynard B., Daniel I., Lecuyer C., Martinez I. ve Chervin J.C. Boron isotopic fractionation between minerals and fluids: new insights from in situ high pressure-high temperature vibrational spectroscopic data. Geochim Cosmochim Acta, 69:4301–4313, 2005
  46. Hitchon B., Perkins E. H. ve Gunte W.D., Introduction to Ground Water Geochemistry, Geoscience Publishing Ltd., Sherwood Park, Alberta, Canada, 1999
  47. Leeman W.P. ve Sisson V.B., Geochemistry of Boron and its implications for crustal and mantle processes, In Boron, Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (eds. E.S. Grew and L.M. Anovitz) Rev. Mineral., 33, 645-708, 1996
  48. Henry D. ve Dutrow B., Metamorphic tourmaline and its petrologic applications, In Boron, Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (eds. E.S. Grew and L.M. Anovitz) Rev. Mineral., 33, 503-557, 1996
  49. Grew, E. Borosilicates and boron in rock-forming minerals in metamorphic environments, In Boron, Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (eds.E.S. Grew & L.M. Anovitz) Rev. Mineral., 33, 387-502, 1996
  50. Stubican V. ve Roy R., Boron substitution in synthetic micas and clays. Am Mineral 47: 1166-1173, 1962
  51. Pichavant M., Shnapper D. ve Brown W.L., Al-B substitution in alkali feldspars: preliminary hydrothermal data in the system NaAlSi3O8-NaBSi3O8. bull. Mineral 107: 529-537, 1984
  52. Nabelek P.I., Denison J.R. ve Glascock M.D. Behavior of boron during contact meta- morphism of calc- silicate rocks at Notch Peak, Utah. American Mineralogist 75 (7–8), 874–880, 1990
  53. Shaw D. M., Similarities And Contrasts In Lunar And Terrestrial Boron Geochemistry, In Boron, Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry (eds. E.S. Grew and L.M. Anovitz) Rev. Mineral., 33pp. 745-770, 1996
  54. Filiz Ş., Investigation of the Important Geothermal Areas by Using, C, H, O Isotopes, Seminar on Utilization of Geothermal Energy for Electric Power Production and Space Heating, Florence, 25-26, 1984.
  55. Gökgöz A., Geochemistry of the Kızıldere–Tekkehamam–Buldan–Pamukkale geothermal fields, Turkey. In: Georgsson, L.S. (Ed.), Geothermal Training in Iceland 1998, United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme, Reykjavik, Iceland, 115–156, 1998.
  56. Tamgaç Ö.F., Yıldırım N. ve Güner, N., Report on Conservation Area of Balçova Geothermal Field. MTA, Ankara, pp. 55 (in Turkish), 2005
  57. Karakuş H. ve Şimsek, Ş, Tracing deep thermal water circulation systems in the E-W trending Büyük Menderes Graben, Western Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Resc., 252, 38–52, 2013
  58. Şimşek Ş,. Aydın-Germencik-Ömerbeyli Field of Turkey. Seminar on Utilisation of Geothermal Energy for Electric Power Production and Space Heating, 14-17 May, Florence, Italy. Sem. Ref. No. Ep/Sem.9/R.37, 1984
  59. Karamanderesi İ.H., Yılmazer S., Yıldırım T., Yakabağ A., Çiçekli K., Gevrek A.İ., Demir A. ve Yıldırım N., Manisa-Turgutlu-Salihli-Alaşehir arası Gediz vadisi jeotermal enerji aramaları etüd ve sondaj (SC-1 derin sondaj) verileri sonuç raporu: MTA Der. Rap. No:10460, 180 s., (yayımlanmamış), Ankara, 1995
  60. Şimşek Ş., Doğdu M.S., Akan B. ve Yıldırım N., Chemical and isotopic survey of geothermal reservoirs in Western Anatolia, Turkey. In: World Geothermal Congress, Japan, May 28 - June 10, 2000, Proceedings: 1765-1770, 2000. 61. Şimşek Ş., Yıldırım N. ve Gülgör, A., Developmental and environmental effects of the Kızıldere geothermal power project, Turkey, Geothermics 34 (2005) 239–256, 2005
  61. Yücel Y., Helvacı C., Martin R. P., Ersoy E.Y., ve Freslon N., Origin and significance of tourmalinites and tourmaline-bearing rocks of Menderes Massif, western Anatolia, Turkey. Lithos 218–219 pp.22–36, 2015
  62. Marschall H.R., Korsakov A.V., Luvizotto G.L., Nasdala L. ve Ludwig T., On the occurrence and boron isotopic composition of tourmaline in high pressure metamorphic rocks. J. Geol. Soc. 166, 811–823, 2009
  63. Nakano T. ve Nakamura E., Boron isotope geochemistry of metasedimentary rocks and tourmalines in a subduction zone metamorphic suite. Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. 127, 233–252, 2001
  64. Bingöl E., Akyürek B. ve Korkmazer B., Biga yarımadasının jeolojisi ve Karakaya formasyonunun bazı özellikleri. Cumhuriyetin 50. Yılı Yerbilimleri Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı, 1973
  65. Yılmazer S., Özgür R., Yıldırım N. ve Aydoğdu Ö., Bergama (İzmir) bölgesinin jeotermal olanakları, MTA Der. Rap. No:15, 2004
  66. Jeckelmann C., Genese Lokaler Thermalwasservorkommen in der region Bergama / W-Türkei, Ph.D: Thesis (Diss. ETH Nr. 11990), Zürich, 200p, 1996
  67. Saurer AF ve Troll G., Abundance and distribution of boron in the Hauzenberg (Bavaria) granite complex. Geochim Cosmochi Acta 54:49-56, 1990
  68. Tarcan G. ve Gemici, Ü., Water geochemistry of the Seferihisar geothermal area, Izmir, Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 126 (3–4), 225–242, 2003
  69. Conrad M.A., Hipfel B. ve Satır M., Chemical and stable isotopic characteristics of thermal waters from the Çeşme-Seferihisar area, İzmir (W-Turkey). IESCA Proceedings. 9-14 October, İzmir-Güllük, Turkey, 1995
  70. Filiz, Ş., Ege Bölgesindeki önemli jeotermal alanların O-18, H-2, H-3, C-13 izotoplarıyla incelenmesi. Doçentlik Tezi, E.Ü.Y.B.F., 1-95, İzmir, 1982
  71. Craig H., Isotopic variations in meteoric waters. Science 133, 1702-B, 1961
  72. Şimşek Ş., Hydrogeological and isotopic survey of geothermal fields in the Büyük Menderes graben, Turkey, Geothermics 32, p 669-678, 2003
  73. Akkuş İ., Akıllı H., Ceyhan S., Dilemre A. ve Tekin Z., Turkey Geothermal Resources Inventory, Envanter Serisi 201, Ankara; Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, 2005
  74. Karacık Z. ve Yılmaz Y., Geology of the Young Plutonic and Volcanic Associations of the Ezine Region; NW Anatolia. Second International Turkish Geology Workshop. Cumhuriyet Univ. Sivas, Abstracts, p. 60, 1995
  75. Harder, H., Beitrag zur Geoechemie des Bors, Teil I: Bor in Mineralen und magnetischen Gesteinen Teil II Bor in Sedimenten. Nachr. Akad. Wiss II. Math.-phys. Kl. Göttingen, 5:67-122; 6:123-183, 1959
  76. Aggarwal J.K., Palmer M.R., Bullen T.D., Arnórsson S. ve Ragnarsdóttir K.V. The boron isotope systematics of Icelandic geothermal waters: 1. Meteoric water charged systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (4), 579– 585, 2000
  77. Palmer M.R., Spivack A.J. ve Edmond J.M., Temperature and pH controls over isotopic fractionation during absorption of boron marine clay. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 51, 2319– 2323, 1987
  78. Yuan J., Guo Q. ve Wang Y., Geochemical behaviors of boron and its isotopes in aqueous environment of the Yangbajing and Yangyi geothermal fields, Tibet, China. J. Geochem. Explor. 140, 11–22, 2014
  79. Pennisi M., Adorni-Braccesi A., Andreani D., Gori L., Sciuto P.F. ve Gonfiantini R., ISOBORDAT: An Online Database on Boron Isotopes, Isotopes in Hydrology, Marine Ecosystems and Climate Change Studies. IAEA, Monaco, pp. 381–388, 2011
  80. Werding G. ve Schreyer W. Chapter 3. Experimental Studies On Borosilicates And Selected Borates. Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry, edited by Lawrence M. Anovitz and Edward S. Grew, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 117-164, 2018
  81. Aggarwal J.K., Palmer M.R., Bullen T.D., Arnórsson S. ve Ragnarsdóttir K.V. The boron isotope systematics of Icelandic geothermal waters: 1. Meteoric water charged systems. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (4), 579– 585, 2000