Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 39 Sayı: 4

Design and fabrication of low-cost microsystems for production of chitosan particles

Kitosan parçacıklarının üretimi için düşük maliyetli mikrosistemlerin tasarımı ve fabrikasyonu

Şeref Akay(ALANYA ALAADDİN KEYKUBAT ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-6829-1279
Hasret Özdilek(GÜMÜŞHANE ÜNİVERSİTESİ, FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ)0000-0003-0630-6150
Pages
2363–2372
Publication Date
2024-05-20
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

These results show that the proposed approaches for the design of microsystems can be used in the formation of polymeric drug carriers without the need for specialized laboratories and expertise.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

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Objective & Hypothesis:Recently, research has focused on the methods for administration of medications in an efficient and controlled manner while minimizing side effects.
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Key Findings & Data:Production was carried out with two different designs, a syringe-based flow focusing system (outer channel diameter 1 mm, inner channel diameter 120 µm) and a 2-inlet, 1-outlet port serpentine type microchannel with 250 µm width and 100 µm height microchannel designed with the help of computer numerical control (CNC).
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Conclusion & Impact:These results show that the proposed approaches for the design of microsystems can be used in the formation of polymeric drug carriers without the need for specialized laboratories and expertise.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Antimikrobiyal · İlaç salım · kitosan parçacık

Abstract

Recently, research has focused on the methods for administration of medications in an efficient and controlled manner while minimizing side effects. Hydrophilic polymeric hydrogels have wide application area as nanocarriers. The network structure created by cross-linking is suitable for encapsulating and carrying drugs. There are many approaches for developing suitable methods to produce nanoparticles with desirable properties such as size and stability. Thanks to advances in microfluidic systems, microsystems have also been found as a solution to produce complex drug carriers with controllable release profiles. However, the utilization of microfabrication techniques is limited due to the high cost and the necessity for special laboratories. In this study, a simple and inexpensive method for the production of antibiotic-loaded chitosan nanoparticles is proposed. Production was carried out with two different designs, a syringe-based flow focusing system (outer channel diameter 1 mm, inner channel diameter 120 µm) and a 2-inlet, 1-outlet port serpentine type microchannel with 250 µm width and 100 µm height microchannel designed with the help of computer numerical control (CNC). Sodium Triphosphate (TPP) was used as cross-linking agent for the production of chitosan particles and the effects of the concentrations and flow rates of the components on the particle formation was investigated. It has been observed that chitosan particles can be produced in a syringe-based flow focusing system, but it is not possible to control the size and, the resulting particles are not homogeneous. In the studies carried out with CNC microchannel, it was determined by SEM analysis that the obtained particles ranged in size from 39 to 771 nm, and it was seen that the CNC microchannel was more effective at low and equal flow rates (25 µl/min). It has been found that increasing the flow rate of chitosan greatly increases the particle size, similarly, the particle size increases in conditions where the chitosan concentration is higher. It was determined that Ampicillin loaded particles synthesized with CNC microchannel under optimum conditions exhibited high inhibition against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. These results show that the proposed approaches for the design of microsystems can be used in the formation of polymeric drug carriers without the need for specialized laboratories and expertise.

Özet

Son zamanlarda araştırmalar, ilaçların yan etkilerini en aza indirirken etkili ve kontrollü bir şekilde uygulanmasına imkan veren yöntemlere odaklanmıştır. Hidrofilik polimerik yapıdaki hidrojeller, nanotaşıyıcı olarak yaygın bir kullanım alanına sahiptir. Çapraz bağlanma ile oluşturulan ağ yapısı ilaçların tutulmasına ve taşınmasına elverişlidir. Boyut ve kararlılık gibi istenen özelliklere sahip parçacıkların üretiminde uygun yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi için birçok yaklaşım vardır. Mikroakışkan sistemlerindeki ilerlemeler sayesinde mikrosistemler, salım profilleri kontrol edilebilen karmaşık ilaç taşıyıcılarını üretmek için de çözüm olarak görülmüştür. Ancak, mikrofabrikasyon tekniklerinin, yüksek maliyeti ve özel laboratuvarlar gerektirmesi nedeniyle kullanımı sınırlı kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, antibiyotik yüklü kitosan parçacıklarının üretimi için basit ve ucuz bir yöntem önerilmiştir. Şırınga tabanlı akış odaklama sistemi (dış kanal capı 1 mm iç kanal çapı 120 µm) ve bilgisayarlı sayısal kontrol (Computer numerical control, CNC) yardımıyla tasarlanan, 2 giriş, 1 çıkış portuna sahip ve 250 µm genişliğinde ve 100 µm derinliğinde serpantin tipi mikrokanal olmak üzer iki farklı tasarımın üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kitosan parçacıkların üretimi için çapraz bağlayıcı ajan olarak Sodyum Trifosfat (TPP) kullanılmış ve bileşenlerin konsantrasyonu ve akış hızlarının parçacık oluşumuna etkileri incelenmiştir. Kitosan parçacıkların, şırınga tabanlı akış odaklama sisteminde üretilebildiği, ancak boyutlarını kontrol etmenin mümkün olmadığı ve elde edilen parçacıkların homojen olmadığı görülmüştür. CNC mikrokanal ile yapılan çalışmalarda üretilen parçacıkların 39 ila 771 nm arasında değişen boyutlarda olduğu SEM analizleri ile tespit edilmiş ve CNC mikrokanalın, düşük ve eşit akış hızlarında (25 µl/dk) daha başarılı olduğu görülmüştür. Kitosan akış hızının arttırılmasının, parçacık boyutunu büyük ölçüde arttırdığı, benzer şekilde kitosan konsanstrasyonun daha yüksek olduğu koşullarda da parçacık boyutunun arttığı tespit edilmiştir. CNC mikrokanal ile optimum koşullarda üretilen, Ampisilin yüklü parçacıkların Gram pozitif ve Gram negatif bakteriler üzerinde inhibisyon gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, mikrosistemlerin tasarımı için önerilen yaklaşımların özel laboratuvar ve uzmanlık gerektirmeksizin, polimerik ilaç taşıyıcılarının üretiminde kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

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Cite This Article

Akay, Ş., Özdilek, H. (2024). Design and fabrication of low-cost microsystems for production of chitosan particles. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 4, 2363–2372. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1299367

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