Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3

Reduction of WO3 by pyrolytic gas derived from waste polycarbonate

Atık polikarbonattan elde edilen pirolitik gaz ile WO3' ün indirgenmesi

Melek Cumbul Altay(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA)0000-0003-3739-7518
Goktug Tore(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA)0000-0003-4705-1190
Serafettin Eroglu(İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ-CERRAHPAŞA)0000-0003-4132-4864
Pages
2047–2056
Publication Date
2025-08-21
🏛️Bibliographic metadata and full text access for this article are provided via DergiPark.
DergiPark Record ↗
✨

AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This preliminary study demonstrates that waste PC is recyclable as a reducing agent precursor in pyrometallurgical applications.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:This study reports the reduction behavior of WO3 using waste polycarbonate (PC) as a reducing agent precursor.
📊
Key Findings & Data:The methodology presented here consisted of almost two simultaneous processes taking place in a two-zone furnace: Pyrolysis of the waste during heating to 800 K in Ar flow and the reduction of WO3 at 1300 K by the pyrolytic gas species such as H2 and CH4.
💡
Conclusion & Impact:This preliminary study demonstrates that waste PC is recyclable as a reducing agent precursor in pyrometallurgical applications.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:polimer · Atık Polikarbonat · Piroliz

Abstract

This study reports the reduction behavior of WO3 using waste polycarbonate (PC) as a reducing agent precursor. It aims to determine if the waste is recyclable in pyrometallurgy. The methodology presented here consisted of almost two simultaneous processes taking place in a two-zone furnace: Pyrolysis of the waste during heating to 800 K in Ar flow and the reduction of WO3 at 1300 K by the pyrolytic gas species such as H2 and CH4. Thermodynamic analysis of the W-O-C-H-Ar system predicted that complete WO3 reduction to W was possible at 1300 K. The reactant mass ratio (mPC/mWO3) was varied up to 8. XRD patterns and mass measurements indicated that the WO2 content of the products decreased as the ratio was raised to 5. The product prepared at this ratio contained a single phase W. A minor W2C phase coexisted with W at higher ratios. W particle size increased with the extent of the oxide reduction possibly due to the deposition of W species from the gas phase on pre-reduced particles. This preliminary study demonstrates that waste PC is recyclable as a reducing agent precursor in pyrometallurgical applications.

Özet

Bu çalışma, atık polikarbonatın (PC) indirgeme ajanı öncüsü olarak kullanıldığı WO3 indirgeme davranışını rapor etmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, bu atığın pirometalurjide geri dönüştürülebilir olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Burada sunulan yöntem, iki bölgeye sahip bir fırında neredeyse eşzamanlı gerçekleşen iki süreçten oluşmaktadır: Argon (Ar) gazı akışı altında 800 K’ye kadar ısıtma sırasında atığın pirolizi ve ardından 1300 K’de H2 ve CH4 gibi pirolitik gaz türleriyle WO3’ün indirgenmesi. W-O-C-H-Ar sistemine ait termodinamik analizler, WO3’ün 1300 K’de tamamen metalik W’ ye indirgenmesinin mümkün olduğunu öngörmüştür. Reaktan kütle oranı (mPC/mWO3) 8' e kadar değiştirilmiştir. XRD desenleri ve kütle ölçümleri, ürünlerdeki WO2 içeriğinin oran 5’e yükseltildiğinde azaldığını göstermiştir. Bu oranda hazırlanan ürün, yalnızca tek fazlı metalik W içermektedir. Daha yüksek oranlarda, W fazı birlikte küçük bir miktarda W2C fazı da gözlenmiştir. Oksit indirgeme miktarının artmasıyla birlikte W tanecik boyutunun da arttığı belirlenmiştir; bu durum, gaz fazından önceden indirgenmiş tanecikler üzerine W’ in birikimine atfedilmiştir. Bu ön çalışma, atık PC’ nin pirometalurjik uygulamalarda indirgeme ajanı öncüsü olarak geri dönüştürülebilir olduğunu göstermektedir.

🔖

Cite This Article

Altay, M. C., Tore, G., Eroglu, S. (2025). Reduction of WO3 by pyrolytic gas derived from waste polycarbonate. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 40 Sayı: 3, 2047–2056. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1601107

📄 Full Text PDF Viewer

📄

PDF görüntüleyici hazırlanıyor...

References (19)

  1. Callister W. D. Jr, Rethwisch D. G., Materials Science And Engineering: An Introduction, 8th ed., Wiley, New York, A.B.D., 2009.
  2. Zhao Z., Ni X., Hu Z., Yang W., Deng X., Wu S., Li Y., Nie G, Wu H., Liu J. Huang Y. A short review of advancements in additive manufacturing of cemented carbides, Crystals, 15, 146, 2025.
  3. United Nations Department of Global Communications. What is plastic pollution? https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/SDG-Explainers-Plastic-Pollution.pdf. Yayın tarihi Ağustos, 2023. Erişim tarihi Ekim 8, 2024.
  4. Lampitt R. S., Fletcher S., Cole M., Kloker A., Krause S., O’Hara F., Ryde P., Saha M., Voronkova A., Whyle A., Stakeholder alliances are essential to reduce the scourge of plastic pollution, Nat. Commun., 14, 2849, 2023.
  5. Moulinié P., Polycarbonates, Handbook of Thermoplastics, 2. Baskı, Editör: Olabisi O., Adewale K., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, A.B.D., 347-368, 2016.
  6. Sharuddin S. D. A., Abnisa F., Daud W. M. A. W., Aroua M. K., A review on pyrolysis of plastic wastes, Energy Convers. Manage., 115, 308-326, 2016.
  7. Cumbul Altay M., Eroglu S., A novel way of using pyrolytic gas derived from waste rubber: pyrometallurgical reduction of NiO, J. Hazard. Mater., 367, 77-82, 2019.
  8. Cumbul Altay M., Eroglu S., Thermodynamic analysis and reaction of Co3O4 powder with pyrolytic gas derived from waste tires with and without waste polyethylene, JOM, 73, 1947-1956, 2021.
  9. Zhang L., Bao Z., Xia S., Lu Q., Walters K. B. (2018). Catalytic pyrolysis of biomass and polymer wastes, Catalysts, 8, 659, 2018.
  10. Siddiqui M. N., Redhwi H. H., Antonakou E. V., Achilias D. S., Pyrolysis mechanism and thermal degradation kinetics of poly(bisphenol A carbonate)-based polymers originating in waste electric and electronic equipment, JAAP, 132, 123-133, 2018.
  11. Swartmore P. A., Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards, International Center for Diffraction Data, 2008.
  12. Eriksson G., Thermodynamic studies of high temperature equilibrium, Chem. Scr., 8, 100-103. 1975.
  13. Besmann T. M., SOLGASMIX-PV, a computer program to calculate equilibrium relationships in complex chemical systems, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Report No. ORNL/TM-5775, 1977.
  14. Chase M. W., Davies C. A., Downey J. R., Frurip D. J., Mcdonald R. A., Syverud A. N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, third ed., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data,14: Suppl. 1, 1985.
  15. Barin I., Thermochemical Data of Pure Substances, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, Almanya, 1993.
  16. Cumbul Altay M., Eroglu S., H2-mediated reduction of GeO2 and chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline Ge porous films, Thin Solid Films, 783, 140049, 2023.
  17. Cumbul Altay M., Eroglu S., Methanol pyrolysis-mediated reduction of GeO2 and chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline Ge films, Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 55, 589-599, 2024.
  18. Lassner E., Schubert W D., Tungsten: Properties, Chemistry, Technology of The Element, Alloys and Chemical Compounds, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, A.B.D., 1999.
  19. Habashi F., Handbook Of Extractive Metallurgy, Vol III: Precious Metals, Refractory Metals, Scattered Metals, Radioactive Metals, Rare Earth Metals, Weinheim, Wiley-VCH, Almanya, 1997.