Journals / Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi / 2026 / Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2

Forward motion compensation in earth observation satellite cameras via intentional mirror tilting

Yer gözlem uydu kamerası için kasıtlı ayna eğiminin ileri hareket telafisi yöntemi olarak kullanılması

Ümit Yılmaz(SİVAS BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0001-8922-2387
Özgür Selimoğlu(ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ)0000-0002-3162-6829
Pages
959–966
Publication Date
2026-07-20
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AI Summary & Key Takeaways

AI Insight
⚡ TL;DR(Too Long; Didn't Read)

This tilt motion is shown to increase the exposure time by approximately 70 times for the designed Korsch TMA telescope-based satellite camera.

📌 3 Key Takeaways

🎯
Objective & Hypothesis:To achieve high image quality from Earth observation satellites, it is essential to reduce the ground sampling distance (GSD) and maintain the image quality parameters (MTF, SNR) at sufficient levels.
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Key Findings & Data:The designed satellite camera optics demonstrated the allowance of tilting the secondary mirror within a range of ±42 arc seconds.
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Conclusion & Impact:This tilt motion is shown to increase the exposure time by approximately 70 times for the designed Korsch TMA telescope-based satellite camera.
🔬Design:Araştırma Makalesi
📍Scope:Comprehensive Sample
⚙️Variables:Yüksek çözünürlüklü yer gözlem uydu kameraları · İleri Hareket Telafisi (İHT) · Korsch TMA

Abstract

To achieve high image quality from Earth observation satellites, it is essential to reduce the ground sampling distance (GSD) and maintain the image quality parameters (MTF, SNR) at sufficient levels. These satellites, placed in the lowest possible orbit to detect smaller details and need to move at high speeds in their orbits to maintain their orbital altitudes. This motion requires satellite cameras to perform their tasks on a rapidly moving platform. Image motion occurring during the camera exposure leads to image flow in the optical system's focal plane, causing shifts in the acquired Earth images and resulting in image blur. Forward Motion Compensation (FMC) methods enable the limitation or reduction of the image flow in the focal plane of satellite cameras, allowing the acquisition of high-quality Earth images. In this study, the tilt mirror method is intended to be used as an FMC method. The optical design of the satellite camera based on the Korsch Three-Mirror Anastigmat telescope is performed. Changes in image quality due to using the secondary mirror as a tilt mirror in the optical system is analyzed using MTF and spot diagrams. The designed satellite camera optics demonstrated the allowance of tilting the secondary mirror within a range of ±42 arc seconds. This tilt motion is shown to increase the exposure time by approximately 70 times for the designed Korsch TMA telescope-based satellite camera.

Özet

Yer gözlem uydularının sağladığı görüntü kalitesinin yüksek olması için, yer örnekleme mesafesinin düşürülmesi (GSD) ve elde edilen görüntü kalite parametrelerinin (MTF, SNR) yeterli seviyede tutulabilmesi gerekmektedir. Daha küçük detayları algılayabilmek için mümkün olan en alçak yörüngeye yerleştirilen görüntüleme uyduları, yörünge yüksekliklerini koruyabilmek için yörüngelerinde yüksek hızla hareket etmek zorundadır. Bu yörünge hareketi, uydu kameralarının çok hızlı hareket eden bir platform üzerinde görevlerini yerine getirmesine sebep olmaktadır. Fotoğraf çekimi boyunca sürekli var olan bu görüntü hareketi, optik sistem odak düzleminde görüntünün bir yöne doğru akmasına, elde edilen yer görüntülerinde kaymalar oluşmasına ve görüntülerin bulanıklaşmasına sebep olmaktadır. İleri Hareket Telafisi (İHT) yöntemleri, uydu kameralarının odak düzlemindeki görüntü akışını engelleyerek veya azaltarak yüksek kaliteli yer görüntülerinin elde edilmesine imkan sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İHT yöntemi olarak teleskopun ikinci aynasına kasıtlı eğim hareketi verilmiştir. Örnek uydu kamerası optik sistemi olarak Korsch Üç Aynalı Anastigmat teleskop tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optik sistemde yer alan ikincil aynaya eğim verildiğinde optik sistem görüntü kalitesinde meydana gelen değişimler MTF ve nokta grafikleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Görüntü kalitesinin korunması koşulu ile teleskopun ikincil aynasının ± 42 ark saniye aralığında döndürülebilmesinin mümkün olduğu gösterilmiştir. Kasıtlı eğim hareketi yöntemi kullanılarak, tasarımı verilmiş olan uydu kamerasının pozlama süresinin 70 kat artırılması mümkün olmaktadır.

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Cite This Article

Yılmaz, Ü., Selimoğlu, Ö. (2026). Forward motion compensation in earth observation satellite cameras via intentional mirror tilting. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt: 41 Sayı: 2, 959–966. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1478887

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