EVLİLİK DEĞERLERİ ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE'YE UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI: GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

THE ADAPTATION OF THE MARITAL VALUES (VOWS) SCALE INTO TURKISH: A RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY ANALYSIS

Özet

Ripley, Worthington, Bromley ve Kemper (2005) tarafından geliştirilen Toplulukçu ve Bireyci Evlilik Değerleri Ölçeği (EDÖ)'nin, üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir grup üzerinde Türkçe'ye uyarlama çalışması yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin dil eşdeğerliğini test etmek için İngilizce öğretmenliği anabilim dalındaki öğrencilere, karşılıklı olarak (İngilizceTürkçe; Türkçe-İngilizce) çeviriler uygulanmış; İngilizce ve Türkçe formlardan elde edilen puanlar arasında pozitif ve anlamlı korelasyonlar saptanmıştır. Dilsel eşdeğerliği sağlanan denemelik Türkçe form 50 kişiye uygulanarak pilot çalışma yapılmıştır. Yapılan pilot uygulama sonrasında, madde toplam korelasyon kat sayısı .30' un altında kalan madde olmadığı görülmüştür. Geçerlik analizleri için Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, güvenirlik için ise iç tutarlılık katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmaları 457 kişi üzerinde yapılmıştır. Evlilik değerleri ölçeği 26 maddelik iki seçenekli bir ölçektir. EDÖ' nün faktör yapısını belirlemek amacıyla uygulanan açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri sonuçlarına göre ölçek; tek boyutlu bir yapı göstermektedir. Ölçek orijinal hali ile örtüşmektedir. EDÖ' nün her bir madde için madde faktör yükleri .40 ile .70 arasında değişmektedir. Yapılan faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin, toplam varyansın % 40.42'sini açıkladığı görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda sınanan modelin oldukça iyi uyum indekslerine sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlılık katsayısı .87 hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, bu ölçeğin "geçerli ve güvenilir" olarak kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca uyarlanan ölçeğin evlilik, evlilik değerleri ve bireyci ve toplulukçu kültür konusu ile bağıntılı akademik çalışmalarda kullanılabilir olduğu söylenebilir

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to adapt covenant / contract marriage values scale (Marital VOWS) developed by Ripley, Worthington, Bromley and Kemper (2005) into Turkish on a group of university students. In order to test the language equivalence of the scale, translations were applied mutually (English-Turkish, Turkish-English) to the students in the English language teaching department. Positive and significant correlations were found between the scores obtained from English and Turkish forms. Pilot study was conducted by applying 50 Turkish draft forms which passed the linguistic equivalence test. After the pilot study, it is found that there is no item below .30 of total item correlation coefficient. Exploratory Factor Analyses and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were carried out for the validity analyses. On the other hand, Internal Consistency Coefficient was calculated for reliability analyses. The validity and reliability studies of the scale were surveyed on 457 people. The marriage values scale is a 26-items that have two options. According to the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes applied to determine the factor structure of Marital Values (VOWS); it has one dimensional structure. The scale corresponds to the original state. For Marital Values (VOWS), the item factor loadings for each item range from .40 to .70. As a result of the factor analysis made, the scale revealed 40.42% of the total variance. According to the results, the hypothesized model has substantially good fit indices. The Cronbach Alpha internal consistency coefficient of the scale was found as .87. The findings indicated that Marital Values (Vows) can be used as a valid and reliable instrument. Hence this adapted scale is suitable for academic studies related to marital values, covenantal and contractual culture Marriage is a step in the establishment of a family union and has always been seen and adopted in all societies as one of the most important social events. Marriage a social phenomenon with, emotional, behavioral and biological dimensions as well as being defined in different forms in different cultures; (Kışlak, 1997). Marriage is framed by various norms specific to each society and culture; These norms are becoming functional through customs, traditions and ceremonies.In this way, marriage values such as age of marriage, how marriage is made, how to organize the house, attitudes and behaviors towards each other and their relatives, the nature of marriage and divorce conditions (Tolon, 1975) are determined. Spouses, the founders of the marriage relationship, bring their past and present habits and behavior patterns into marital life as two separate individuals trained in different social settings. In marriage relations, spouses have norms and values derived from their own worlds and the society they live in as well as universal principles (Yılmazçoban, 2016). Therefore, according to the social norms and cultural values of the society they are in, marriage values also differ. When we look at the cultural context, It seems to be handled in the dimensions of individualism and collectivism. According to Hofstede and McCree (2004), individualism and collectivism are part of the existing cultures and argue that individualism in developed western societies and collectivism in eastern societies are influential (in Özyer, Orhan & Orhan, 2012). In western societies where individualism has come to the fore, marriage is seen as contructral based on mutual responsibilities. On the other hand, in societies where collectivist understanding is prevalent, marriage is seen as a covenantal in which one of the couples is seen as more important than reaching the individual ends. This second view is based on the assumption that individual goals are less important than marriage and that the parties are ready to sacrifice their marriage when necessary (Ripley, Worthington, Bromley & Kemper, 2005). Bromley (1997) found that covenantal marriage values based on collectivist understanding lies on assumptions such as: a) the basic unit of society formed by married couples, b) individual self-sacrifice is expected for collective well-being, c) loyalty and marriage vow is valued and d) when marriage is in danger, traditional interventions such as religious resources are the primary means of correcting marriage. It is assumed that the contractual marriage values based on individualism are a) the individuals of the primary unit of the society, b) the primary means of self-development in the development of marriage, c) negotiation and mutual understanding of contractual marital values are valuable and modern professional interventions such as therapy are the primary means of rescue where marriage is under threat (in Ripley et al., 2005). It is assumed that in most of the cross-cultural researches on individualism-collectivism, all the individuals living in that country have adopted the same values and as the cultur is defined by that country. However, these measured values on a country basis may vary in different living areas (eg marriage, public, social) (Wasti & Erdil, 2007). Thus, the marital values possessed can vary even in the same society. When we look at Turkey, it is clear that the values that are differentiated in marriage clearly reveal that entering the working life of women, the increase in their education level with the effects of Western culture on Turkish society in the globalizing world. When we look at the divorce that does not depend on the vowel, the separation between the two sides is again manifest. The more clearly they understand the their priorities, the easier it will be to help them make a decision about marriage. In addition, the marriage value of the couple also influences their business decisions and social behavior as well as their family roles. However, it is not possible to accurately determine the effect of values on behavior without accurate measurements. On the other hand, this deve